Two parallel streams of work are the subject of this review: (1) the design of a long-range work program and planning process, and (2) the development of analytical techniques which give information about the use of libraries, new or old, and their service areas. The analytical model of library behavior proved illuminating, but is an area of…

A systems model for the design and management of instruction in occupational fields is described. The model is broken down into these phases: (1) analysis, in which occupational tasks are specified via task analysis, tasks are restated as behavioral objectives and a sequence is specified for the objectives, (2) synthesis, in which instructional…

This report describes the major projects undertaken by the Institute for Policy Analysis of the University of Toronto. It includes a list of the publications that are now available and those that will become available during the next few months. The projects are: (1) Program Planning and Budgeting in Universities; (2) Planning and Financing Higher…

Hoping to find ways to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort by the various service areas, this seminar placed major emphasis on identifying characteristics common to all vocational areas. With the assistance of nationally recognized experts in vocational education, teacher education, and the behavioral sciences, the following topics were…

This paper presents a summary and analysis of the current state of research in the field of organizational innovativeness and develops a provisional conceptual outline of the overall process and characteristics of organizational innovation and the general factors which may be related to innovativeness. Based on the "summaries approach" to…

Literature on program budgeting is synthesized. Program budgeting has progressed considerably in development and use, but only recently has it been used by the public schools. Program budgeting is practiced differently, depending on the mission of an organization or school district. With regard to schools, literature on the subject is mainly…

Recent attempts at defining reading are grouped into studies which report on or speculate about some aspect of the reading process, attempt to generate broad theories or models, or attempt to develop particular models or partial models on the basis of research. Six issues and concerns are then stated which appear as recurrent needs in literature:…

There is much to be gained by using systems analysis in educational administration. Most administrators, presently relying on classical statistical techniques restricted to problems having few variables, should be trained to use more sophisticated tools such as systems analysis. The systems analyst, interested in the basic processes of a group or…

A chapter for a larger volume which discusses the rise of the multiuniversity and the possibilities for planning in systems analysis. The system described is the C.A.M.P.U.S. system, an acronym for Comprehensive Analytical Methods for Planning in University Systems. Three subsystems are discussed--(1) program planning and budgeting, (2) simulation…

A mathematical modeling technique has been developed to provide those having administrative responsibilities for establishing scientific and technical information systems with a flexible and powerful tool for making management decisions. A large number of factors (user communities, document forms, subject disciplines, etc.) are involved in…

There are basically four dimensions to a systems analysis that we find in current educational research: (1) Collecting information, (2) analyzing input-output relationships, (3) deriving models built upon these relationships to evaluate alternatives and to derive feasible solutions, and (4) attempting to derive the best solution consistent with…

Models for planned changes in schools are presented in this document and are aimed at increasing student achievement and satisfaction. Following a brief introduction which highlights a challenge for effective change and some suggested procedures for implementing the models, each model is presented in detail. The four models are: (1) The School…

Evaluation of instructional programs involves the process of ascertaining the decisions to be made. The decision maker, not the evaluator, determines the questions to be asked or the decisions to be made. A second task of evaluation deals with the specification of required information in light of system objectives. The task of the evaluator…

This book offers the career-minded young reader insight into computers and computer-programming, by describing the nature of the work, the actual workings of the machines, the language of computers, their history, and their far-reading and increasing applications in business, industry, science, education, defense, and government. At the same time,…

The project reported in this paper reflects an effort to establish an audit plan which can serve as a basis for discussion and which may evolve into a useful research tool for studying the internal information diffusion system of a complex organization. A mass communication model, modified from Harold D. Lasswell, was adopted to represent the key…