Programmed instructional training materials in orientation and mobility were developed and field tested with 22 multiply handicapped blind infants and toddlers functioning between ages 0 and 3. Children receiving intervention from trainers using these materials demonstrated significant performance gains over control subjects in cognitive…

This article presents a system for organizing observations on the art performance of special education children. Included are samples of three data collection charts. Stresses using such data in prescribing appropriate instruction. (JDH)

A task specification chart that integrates the content facets and the procedural steps of a specified task is suggested as a tool for designing a test and interpreting its results. This procedure is demonstrated for a mathematics test covering one instructional unit on adding and subtracting fractions. (Author/GDC)

Based on data gathered in a participant observation project that focused on young children's behaviors during school structured literacy tasks, a study examined the relationship between learning to write and learning to perform school writing tasks. (HOD)

Description of an objective method for assigning weights to questions on examinations includes discussions of classical test theory, knowledge organization, and how task analysis can be used to identify knowledge elements required to solve specific problems, rank them, and assign objective weights to exam questions using a Pareto distribution (7…

In recent years, managing a vocational laboratory has become an increasingly difficult and complex task facing many vocational educators. Specialized instructional areas, diverse groups of students, and extended laboratory time have caused educators to seek alternate ways of providing practical "hands-on" instruction when traditional supervised…

A discussion of how office productivity, technological innovation, and changing work patterns of women may have an impact on business education. (HD)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of forum discussion embedded within metacognitive guidance on mathematical literacy. In particular the study compares two learning environments: (a) Forum discussion with metacognitive guidance (FORUM+META); and (b) Forum discussion without metacognitive guidance (FORUM). Participants…

In computer-based simulations meant to support learning, students must bring a wide range of relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities to bear jointly as they solve meaningful problems in a learning domain. To function efficiently as an assessment, a simulation system must also be able to evoke and interpret observable evidence about targeted…

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether students expected course difficulty to be reflected in grade distributions and in the amount of out-of-class effort required for success. Students from both upper and lower division classes described the amount of time they expected to spend preparing for an easy class, a difficult class, and a…

This article reports a study examining the use of group activities in English language coursebooks published since 1990. Ten coursebooks were randomly selected for examination. The number and percentage of group activities and of group activities rated as fostering cooperation were calculated. The results are discussed in light of theory and…

On the basis of her experience with brain damaged and autistic children, a teacher suggests guidelines for structuring tasks, the learning environment, and student behavior to facilitate learning. (GW)

Suggests ways in which a teacher can change the learning task to suit the student's level of development. References. (VJ)

UCLA project to become information center for distribution of materials in the health occupations field. (Editor)

Reprinted from "Value Engineering , Volume I, Number 5, February 1969.