The relationship between empathic role-taking abilities and empathic behaviors observed in both naturalistic and experimental settings was examined in 14 children between the ages of 53 and 65 months. Children were observed at the McGill Daycare Centre twice a week for 8 weeks, totalling approximately 30 hours. Event sampling was used to record…

The paper defines the term "culture shock" and discusses the changes that this state can make in a person's behavior. Culture shock refers to the emotional and physiological reaction of high activation that is brought about by sudden immersion in a new culture. Because one's own culture shields one from the unknown and reduces the need to make…

The inability of some children to cope with the pain from severe burns may result in depressive withdrawal or death. An understanding of the emotional impact of pain on children is essential to improve their ability to cope. A pilot project with seriously burned children employed three dependent measures to identify children who cope adaptively…

This study is an initial investigation of the effects of grade level, item content and type of probe on children's understanding of communicative ineptness. It was hypothesized that children's recognition and avoidance of inept communications would increase as a function of age and that recognition of ineptness would precede the ability to avoid…

A theoretical outline for an ideal or constructed type for the concept of "love" is presented. According to the definition presented, there are five basic elements or indicators which are sufficient conditions for the existence of love in its broadest sense: empathy, desire for the presence of the other, sharing, sacrifice and joy. Under…

This study was designed to serve as a model for school districts desiring to implement an elementary guidance program. Emphasis was placed upon grades K-6, although subjects extended into Grade 8. Approximately 450 boys and girls in each grade responded to questionnaires. In grades K-3, subjects responded to happy, neutral, or sad faces. In Grades…

Four hypotheses pertaining to conflict and its resolution in the team sport experience among seven Choctaw communities were tested: Choctaws have a unique conception of conflict vis-a-vis Anglos; this conception has a limiting effect on the exercise or occurrence of more dramatic forms of violence; this notion is reflected in Choctaw team sport…

This study investigated infant crying as a form of communication, with fear considered only one of many possible motivating emotions. Crying, along with fretting and withdrawal, are the major ways infants have to indicate that they desire to change the present situation. Subjects were 91 white, middle class infants whose mothers wete their primary…

The relative effectiveness of client-centered, rational-emotive, and desensitization therapies in reducing test anxiety among high school students was investigated. The sample was drawn from 2336 students in grades 10 through 12 who were administered the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Thirty-three subjects with high State…

The symposium on the physical and psychomotor aspects of sports covered a variety of topics. Among those contained in this report are: discussions on the taxonomies of sports; the time dimension of physical activity including response variables, judgment of temporal order, and duration discrimination; memory; information and its use in physical…

A study reports that, while elementary students dislike bare classroom walls, they have little interest in other children's work, but like and remember having their own work displayed. Children do not absorb the content of wall displays, but they have strong emotional reactions to decorations. (Author/SJL)

Small groups of medical students are asked to enact a situation in which family members visit their general practitioner with a problem regarding one of the children, and the diffusion of this problem within the family is traced during the course of the simulation. Discussion focuses on the feelings evoked by the simulation. (Author/LBH)

A former editor of "Scholastic Voice" speculates on why one set of writing assignments, based on reader response to writings by a handicapped teenager, produced such outstanding results. Describes the uncommonly high involvement of student readers, who wrote over 3,000 letters to the author, and undertook classroom writing with…

Examined ability of Field-dependent/Field-independent high school students (N=56) to label correctly nonverbal stimuli of facial affect utilizing the Group Embedded Figures test and Pictures of Facial Affect. Treatment subjects identified and practiced facial expressions of emotions. When Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was controlled for, the…

Developed measure of client reactions to therapist interventions, which differed significantly on client helpfulness ratings. Therapist intentions related to client reactions more for successful cases than unsuccessful cases. Pretreatment symptomatology was highly predictive of reactions reported. Predictable changes in reactions occurred across…