Educational reformers tend to see teachers as passive consumers of innovations, while teachers view themselves as powerful, active, and autonomous in the classroom. Reform efforts have created the conditions for a power struggle over curriculum implementation. Future efforts must take into account these power relationships. (PP)

Describes the political development of post-colonial Africa. Continuing tension has existed between single party and multi-party solutions to political organization and between mass movements and elitism. While Africans have been responive to socialist rhetoric, the primacy of ethnicity and the weak class structure have militated against genuine…

This study investigated the significance of viewing the authority to evaluate as an indicator of the exercise of financial control. Financial control in this investigation focuses exclusively on state financial legislation. Evaluation authority in this investigation focuses exclusively on evaluation components of such legislation. (BW)

Lack of overall planning has caused a malaise in Australian higher education. National policy-making has evolved through changes in the power structure and governments' interrelationships. Results include erosion of university autonomy, trends toward standardization within the system, and budgeting that does not consider individual institutional…

The Australian Tertiary Education Commission (TEC) report, which describes a politically preferred version of the higher education system, is put into historical, economic, and political perspective and criticized for its style and content. The workings of the public agencies concerned with higher education are outlined. (MSE)

H. S. Bhola's models of planned change can contribute to the understanding of change processes and clarify the role of power in change. They do not, however, deal with problems such as resource dependency, which educational administrators face. Attitudes may interfere with acceptance of the models. (PP)

Researchers presented 43 administrators at a large midwestern university with 22 hypothetical organizational problems in which authority was absent or unclear, to test models of the effects of contextual factors on insiders' and outsiders' decisions to participate in organizational "political" issues. The results led to revisions of the models.…

Outlines findings from a study of four western Canadian provinces that compared teachers', administrators', and school boards' perceived control over educational decision making in 32 areas. Educational decision making was found to be somewhat decentralized, but only in deciding grades do teachers hold the highest degree of control. (Author/WD)

There is a critical need for integrating basic legal concepts into social work curricula. Important content areas include: confidentiality, knowledge of when to seek court action, case recording, understanding legal rights of parents and children, giving substantial factual testimony, and use of one's authority for action. (MSE)

Demography, economics, concentrated decision making, and politicization, will constitute the future policymaking environment for education. In addition, these conditions are likely to have a direct effect upon educators themselves; they will provoke higher levels of conflict within and among education organizations. (Author/BW)

The exclusion of faculty members as managerial employees may seriously disadvantage all professional employees, the very group the National Labor Relations Act was amended to protect. (Journal availability: Dennis & Company, 251 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203.) (MSE)

School counselors must plan for and develop appropriate change strategies. To do this, they must be aware of the characteristics of the school organization and their own role in it. (JAC)

This paper examines the literature on the role of the rural elementary school in community change and discusses certain socio-economic factors which may help determine a community's acceptance or rejection of the school. It concludes with a discussion on the relationship of the community to the community school. (Author/SJL)

The University of Toledo's Adult Liberal Studies program is described. Some steps to consider before implementing a new program include clearly establishing a need for the program, determining where power lies, formulating objectives, and making students aware of the experimental nature of the program. (MLW)

Proposes the transfer of authority from the principal to a board of teachers and parents. (Author/JM)