The variations in government language policies in Latin America are primarily a function of economic and social struggles among contending national elites, all seeking to compel adaptation by subordinate groups. Not until the nineteenth century did the schools become a major vehicle for government policy implementation. (Author/SJL)

"Organized anarchies" is how Michael Cohen and James March have described American universities. The lack of rational-deductive organizational characteristics in higher education has encouraged it to be "playful" in a way that is "sensibly foolish." Budgetary pressures will force universities to become more…

With the abolition of slavery, most West Indian planters dramatically changed their attitudes toward education for Blacks, suddenly favoring it. This paper examines reasons behind the attitudinal changes, the planters' perceptions on the role of education for Blacks, and the use of education as a mechanism for social control. (DS)

In politics, economics, education, and religion, Blacks still largely depend upon White institutions. White resistance to affirmative action means that the subordinate position of Blacks in American society is likely to continue. The only feasible alternative is Black mobilization and organization on a scale parallel to that of the 1960s.…

In analyzing the political economy influencing Canadian schooling and psychology, the author finds that Canadian teachers and psychologists have abdicated their leadership role to those, both foreign and domestic, who know less than they do about Canadian educational needs, but who seem to have greater power and prestige. (SJL)

Notes the current system of finding new academic leaders for colleges and universities often brings delay and damage. Suggests an alternative method of leadership succession is needed. One proposed method would attempt to promote from within the institution; require recruitment by the appointing officer; involve faculty, students, and staff; and…

Uses interviews with residents and ex-residents, ethnographic techniques, and document analysis to examine sexuality and sexual abuse in residential childcare settings, including how their culture and leadership contribute to abuse and the denial and invisibility of sexuality. Discusses issues around researching sexuality, children, and abusive…

Examines the Indian state's role in promoting the software industry, and the different forms of power used to this end. Juxtaposes the new conventional understanding of policy liberalization with the concepts of the network state and transformational power to understand the shifts that have taken place in India's software policy over the past 10…

Discusses the Communist state and the media, and remodeling the media system. Describes stages of media transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, and evaluates their media differentiation. Discusses the Polish model of public service broadcasting, and discusses the many obstacles to media differentiation. (SR)

Examines the leadership styles of seven women college presidents and the perceptions of faculty who interact with them. The presidents described their style, for the most part, as participatory, collaborative, open. The majority of other faculty described their style as hierarchical, entrepreneurial, task-oriented. Explores this discrepancy in…

Studies the power and academic respectability that women have in Moroccan academia through a questionnaire completed by 49 college faculty and researchers, and interviews with 12 of these women. In spite of their scientific and cultural capital, many Moroccan women academics consider themselves as lacking status and recognition. (SLD)

Describes a model for understanding and applying conflict management strategies using a personal power development theory. Adds conflict management styles to this theory to address the growing need for effective conflict management in higher education. Explains the approaches to conflict in each stage of the model and provides a case study. (RJM)

School boards, state departments of education, and accrediting agencies control resources and exert authority over schools through such mechanisms as standardized testing, standards, and alternative certification to resolve teacher shortages. These bodies have more power to influence educational reform than teachers do. (Contains 16 references.)…

Although collaborative learning has many advantages for today's students, it is not a panacea. The profession needs to examine its collaborative classrooms, teaching methods, and evaluation for unspoken rules and hidden control. Collaboration prepares students in the latest techniques of capitalism, not democracy. (MSE)

Examines metacommunicational statements within stepfamily reorganization. Finds two relational tasks employed by couples: (1) to create marital solidarity by direct communication between mates and clear statements to the children regarding the priority of the marriage; and (2) to establish the stepparent's credibility as an authority in…