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Eilers, Rebecca E.; Oller, D. Kimbrough – Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1980
The discrimination of minimally paired speech sounds by seven severely retarded children (mean age 3.2 years, and mean IQ 38.4) was compared with the discrimination performance of eight normally developing 7-month-old infants. (Author/PHR)
Descriptors: Auditory Discrimination, Cognitive Processes, Discrimination Learning, Exceptional Child Research
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Ryan, Ann Stoy; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1979
Forty elementary children (six and nine year olds) and 20 college students were required to discriminate identical pairs of visual stimuli from mirror images. It was hypothesized that a key factor in performance would be the extent to which orientation was a functionally significant attribute of the stimuli. (Author/MP)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, College Students, Discrimination Learning
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Ross, Dorothea M.; Ross, Sheila A. – Mental Retardation, 1979
The efficacy of a six-week training program for teaching 20 educable mentally retarded elementary children the language skills prerequisite to distinguishing between the relevant and irrelevant features of a task was evaluated. (Author/CL)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Discrimination Learning, Elementary Education, Exceptional Child Research
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West, Robin L.; And Others – Human Development, 1978
Studies the effects of perceptual salience on performance in problems requiring the coordination of information. Subjects were groups of children, younger adults, and older adults. For each of the age groups, those problems containing the most salient information were solved faster and more accurately than problems containing the least salient…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Processes, Discrimination Learning
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Gildenmeister, Joan E.; Friedman, Philip – Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1978
Field independence, visual analysis, and spatial visualization were investigated and social communication skills were assessed in two groups of 25 first graders (chosen for either high or low verbal ability). (Author/PHR)
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Communication Skills, Discrimination Learning, Elementary Education
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Church, Russell M.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1976
Psychophysical procedures provide the simplest method for studying time discrimination of animals. This experiment examines the psychological threshold of rats in estimating the time of occurrence of an event and how they adjust their behavior accordingly. Further research may determine the theoretical implications for both animals and people.…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Charts, Discrimination Learning, Experimental Psychology
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Vogler, Roger E.; And Others – Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1977
Problem drinkers in the community were subjects in a study that evaluated the therapeutic potential of learning techniques in changing abusive drinking patterns and achieving moderation. The authors conclude that moderation is a more attainable and feasible goal for problem drinkers than for chronic alcoholics. (Author)
Descriptors: Alcohol Education, Alcoholism, Behavior Change, Behavior Modification
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Droit-Volet, Sylvie – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2003
Examined effects of a click signaling arrival of a visual stimulus to be timed on temporal discrimination in 3-, 5-, and 8-year-olds. Found that in all groups, the proportion of long responses increased with the stimulus duration, although the steepness of functions increased with age. Stimulus duration was judged longer with than without the…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attention, Attention Control, Children
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Pauen, Sabina – Child Development, 2002
Two studies examined whether infants' category discrimination in an object-examination task was based solely on an ad hoc analysis of perceptual similarities among the experimental stimuli. Findings indicated that 10- to 11-month- olds' responses varied systematically only with the presence of a category change, but not with the degree of…
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Development, Discrimination Learning, Infant Behavior
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Smeets, Paul M.; And Others – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1990
Two time-delay conditions for teaching complex visual discriminations to 14 normal preschoolers, 12 with mild mental retardation, and 11 with moderate mental retardation were compared. Results indicated that for all populations and stimuli, time delay of multiple dynamic distinctive-feature prompts produced learning, while time delay of the single…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Mental Retardation
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Colombo, John; And Others – Cognitive Development, 1995
Investigates the dominance of global versus local visual properties in four-month-old infants as a function of individual differences in fixation duration. Suggests that long-looking infants process visual information more slowly than short-looking infants, and there may be qualitative differences in the manner in which the two groups of infants…
Descriptors: Attention, Cognitive Processes, Dimensional Preference, Discrimination Learning
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McIlvane, W. J.; And Others – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1992
Two experiments with a total of 17 adolescents or adults with severe mental retardation evaluated the potential of exclusion procedures (selection of an undefined object in comparison with a defined object) as a means of training basic naming skills. Reliable exclusion and naming performance were demonstrated in nearly all subjects. (DB)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Adults, Concept Formation, Discrimination Learning
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Karsh, Kathryn G.; And Others – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1994
Sixteen individuals (ages 7-18) with moderate or severe mental retardation were taught to identify 2 comparative discriminations by a static or dynamic presentation procedure. No differences in percentage of unprompted correct responses were found between the two procedures in training, generalization, or maintenance. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Elementary Secondary Education, Generalization, Instructional Effectiveness
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Rodgers, Teresa A.; Iwata, Brian A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1991
Seven adults with severe to profound mental retardation participated in match-to-sample discrimination training under three conditions. Results indicated that error-correction procedures improve performance through negative reinforcement; that error correction may serve multiple functions; and that, for some subjects, trial repetition enhances…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Modification, Discrimination Learning, Drills (Practice)
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Stromer, Robert; Mackay, Harry A. – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1993
Two students with moderate to severe mental retardation learned delayed matching to sample in which some of the trials involved complex sample stimuli, each consisting of a picture and a printed word. Matching to either the preceding picture or printed word sample was reinforced. Evidence for the formation of equivalence classes was observed.…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Classification, Concept Formation, Discrimination Learning
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