Comments on this special theme issue examining the roles of socialization, biology, and culture as they affect adaptive and maladaptive developmental outcomes. Presents models for predicting and understanding behavioral and affective change at transitions occurring especially from middle childhood through adolescence. Provides examples…

Describes a battery of biological and social research methods used to compare characteristics of urban schoolchildren, homeless street children, squatter children, and village children. Highlights the importance of methods that link the physical, psychological, and social aspects of children's lives. (KDFB)

Introduces a concise overview of societal changes and their implications for moral education. Asserts that moral education research will shift from a search for immutable truth to workable solutions. Boundaries between researcher and subject will become blurred as research is used to serve rather than observe the client. (MJP)

This review covers the psychological literature of the last 30 years regarding the personality and motivational characteristics of individuals with mental retardation. The first section is a brief historical review and critical examination of the various conceptual models and theories regarding personality and motivational processes in persons…

Focusing on small-scale insider research, this book covers contemporary issues, research methods, and existing practice and values for the researcher concerned with student learning in higher education. Stressed throughout the book is the use of research to identify the ways that barriers to learning may be increased or minimized, and the extent…

This study investigated what the workforce education, training, and retraining needs of businesses and organizations in the United States are, and how well community colleges are meeting these needs. Conventional and meta-analytical methods were employed to analyze a sample of 10 local, state, and national studies in workforce development with a…

The context of Japanese childrearing has changed during the postwar era. Noting that "new" observations concerning childrearing and socialization may not actually be new, this volume establishes continuity with past researchers by integrating the past half-century of cross-cultural research on Japanese childrearing and socialization,…

The returns on continuing vocational training (CVT) in enterprises were examined through a review of research on the returns on employer-provided training. A search of "Econ Lit," ERIC, and other databases identified more than 90 publications on the topic. Twenty-one publications examining the relationship between training inputs and…

This study was conducted to explore variations in emphasis on teaching for higher-order thinking in secondary schools. Three explanations are considered: (1) conceptions of teaching and learning encourage teachers to pursue higher-order objectives primarily when teaching high-track students and advanced courses; (2) lack of adequate preparation to…

The research and evaluation agenda for the Austin Independent School District (AISD) (Texas) is determined for each school year, subject to current needs and requests. The evaluations and other major projects for 1993-94 will focus on three major areas. First is providing school support. Testing programs mandated by state law and district policy…

This study synthesizes completed and current studies about the impact and cost effectiveness of welfare-to-work programs and the different approaches used in various local contexts and for important groups of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) recipients. Chapter 1 sets forth conclusions and policy implications from the completed…

This paper examines what is known about the link between court decisions and changing school discipline practices; proposes a variety of studies to add to knowledge in this area; and contains suggestions on ways that research findings can be used to improve the ongoing legal education of school personnel. The complex nature of some of the Supreme…

Many professionals are convinced that more testing, tracking, and retention are taking place in the early school years than ever before. They also believe that developmentally inappropriate modifications to curricula are being implemented. As a result of inappropriate use of standardized tests, disproportionate numbers of poor and minority…

Many reports have pointed to the need to improve the quality of mathematics and science teaching in schools in the United States and to alleviate the shortage of qualified teachers. A policy focus on the teaching force is reinforced by the fact that the ability of the United States to compete in an increasingly technological world economy depends…

The aging of New York State's population poses both a challenge and an opportunity for the major institutions of society. The challenge facing educators is to develop a comprehensive strategy to mobilize the capacity of the educational system to address the multiple needs of an aging population in the context of existing social and economic…