Children's joint production and maintenance of a peer culture in preschool settings is crucial to their development of a social identity. Theoreticians and researchers should consider what it is actually like to be a child to understand better how children's activities model and prepare them for the adult world. (Author/JL)

Recent changes in Finnish higher education are characterized by increased political trust and a desire to give the system a more important social role, by increasing direct public accountability through institutional evaluation and encouraging internal leadership and academic self-regulation. The changes will require more advanced institutional…

In preparation for a National Research Council study updating Gunnar Myrdal's 1944 study, "An American Dilemma," the article discusses the following: (1) history and thrust of the original work; (2) effect of the type of questions to be raised; (3) effect of approach on results; (4) necessity for new view of the gap between the races.…

College students (N=155) who did not attend the anti-Vietnam War moratoriums in 1969 and 20 who did attend indicated their degree of liking for five groups chosen to represent authority, and five groups chosen to represent opposition to authority. The non-attenders liked the first groups more and the second groups less than did the attenders.…

Discusses leadership and political structure among the five Iroquois Nations--Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca--in the northeastern United States during the eighteenth century. Uses myth, ritual, historical sources, American ethnology, and British social anthropology to describe and analyze political entities and to classify leaders.…

The world of system chief executive officers (CEOs), including how their responsibilities differ from those of campus presidents, is discussed by the chancellor of the University System of South Texas. The system CEO's responsibilities include nurturing, leading, and managing. (MLW)

Analysis of the functions and responsibilities of faculty-dominated athletic committees indicated six dimensions of influence including: policy, autonomy, hiring, business, academic surveillance, and NCAA power. Seven predictors of degree of faculty control of athletic programs were found. (Author/MLW)

Questionnaires were sent to school board trustees throughout Canada to gather information concerning the superintendent-trustee relationship. This study focused on the three areas of finance, personnel, and communications. Results indicated that the senior administrative officers of the board wield power over these three categories, and hence…

A reversal in the decline of strong college presidents is occurring, and governing boards are realizing their responsibility to set the stage for assertive, enlightened presidential leadership and then to support their administrations. (MSE)

The City Magnet School in Lowell, Massachusetts, involves parents in policymaking, the principal and teachers in curriculum-setting and budgeting, and the kindergarten to eighth-grade students in defining the design and operation of the simulated "real world" society that forms the context in which the school's educational efforts occur.…

Considers the problems inherent in British secondary school organization, the resistance to change built into the organizational systems, and possible organizational concepts that could serve the same general purposes (curricular oversight and student services) while adapting more successfully to changing needs and conditions. (PGD)

Colleges were founded in many cities of Victorian England. Some failed; others became the civic universities of twentieth-century Britain. How these civic universities were governed is described. Specifically discussed are courts, councils, trustees, faculty, powers, curriculum, appointments, finance, principals, and constitutions. (RM)

In light of the complexity of the administrative conditions in higher education institutions, academic planners must prepare for the 1980s by increasing their understanding of the institution as a political system and learning to plan under conditions of economic adversity and intense political action. (MSE)

Briefly discusses the methodology and theoretical assumptions before drawing on the findings of a three-year study of regional directors of education in Australia concerning the relationship between action and structure. The study found that "structure" was used metaphorically in a number of ways. (MLF)

The organizational structure and functions of Britain's statutory body to negotiate postsecondary faculty salaries in locally controlled institutions are outlined. Trends in salaries and in the committee's degree of control over the distribution of funds are examined, and it is concluded that the committee has not been allowed to be effective.…