Defines Cascade's model of learning. Evaluates Cascade's model of rule-learning events by analyzing those gleaned from protocols of physics students solving problems and studying examples. Suggests ways that instruction can be improved to increase both the quantity and depth of learning events. (Author/CCM)

Student affairs practitioners were asked to assess the importance of "must statements" from the General Standards developed by the Council for the Advancement of Standards in relation to their current position and place of employment. Results indicate respondents felt comfortable with their skills and knowledge to meet the standards that…

Explains how to develop job profiles that describe the output expected from employees and the competencies required to meet the output so that managers understand and appreciate what their employees actually do. Discusses needs assessments and how clear descriptions of competencies, skills, knowledge, and values are useful in developing training.…

Training softball catchers is challenging. The nature of the position makes it one of the most difficult to play because of the breadth of a catcher's responsibilities. Although the demands on a pitcher or other players are significant, their roles are less complex than the catcher's, who is actively involved in the game at many different levels…

This quantitative study was completed in order to gather initial data on the leadership practices currently being employed by county level 4-H educators in a northeast state. A survey instrument including the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI), and a demographics questionnaire, was sent to all…

The authors used an experimental design to compare the effectiveness of unstructured collaborative practice with individual practice on achievement on a complex well-structured problem-solving task. Participants included postsecondary students (N = 257) from a liberal arts college serving primarily nontraditional students and from 2 state…

Purpose: In 2 experiments, the assumption that continual orienting to tinnitus uses cognitive resources was investigated. It was hypothesized that differences in performance of tinnitus and control groups would manifest during demanding or unfamiliar tasks that required strategic, controlled processing and that reduced performance was not related…

To develop a descriptive model of the newswriting process, a study used protocol analysis methodology (focusing on specific thinking and behavior related to task completion) to examine the writing processes of professional and student reporters writing in their natural work environment. The study employed verbal protocols--tape recording the…

This report presents results of several extensive empirical studies. Prior to these studies it was believed that errors in procedural skills such as multi-digit subtraction could be accurately modelled with two mechanisms: bugs ("competence" phenomena reflecting mistaken beliefs about subtraction which are stable over time) and slips…

The result of a workshop on the holistic scoring of compositions, this guide is intended to help elementary school teachers evaluate more thoroughly their students' writing. Following an introduction to the handbook's origins, the first section discusses elements of holistic scoring, including procedures for preparation, scoring, and interpreting…

This paper discusses some means by which one might answer the question of "What makes problem solving hard?" In order to facilitate the investigations required to answer this question, a model of problem solving is needed. From some simulated solutions to a physics problem, several problem solving processes used by students are…

This report explores the complex agenda of issues, promise, and problems that building a developmental science of programming entails and emphasizes the need to highlight different types of programming and programmers, the different cognitive subtasks involved in programming, and the social character of many programming efforts. An introduction…

Explores the general nature of lawyering skills focusing theoretically on elements of a training design. Includes theoretical analysis of lawyer interactions with others, especially skills involved in interviewing and counseling, and describes an interviewing and counseling skills course with exercises designed to provide emotional and…

For staffers, consultants, community coordinators, and community council chairpersons in Teacher Corps projects, this guide tells how to use the Corps' consultant teams for onsite assistance in project goal-setting, planning, implementation, and skills development. The text describes how to determine the need for consultants; clarify the kind of…

To determine the effects of water exercise on the movements of multiple sclerosis patients, this study utilized tests to determine changes in the linear range of motion of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist after a 45-minute period of water activities and to determine if the movement became more effective. The test used was an overhead throw with a…