Photomicrographs are representations of small-scale entities. It has been long argued that students can be weak in perceiving microscopic entities compared to macroscopic entities. However, only a small body of research has investigated how students utilise photomicrographs to make sense of biological phenomena. This study uses a theoretical…

In at least two papers published in this "Journal," enzyme free energy diagrams were presented showing enzyme--substrate binding to be nonspontaneous. I present here several different approaches showing that enzyme--substrate binding is "always" spontaneous, and the y-axis of the reaction progress diagrams presented previously…

Anatomical examinations have been designed to assess topographical and/or applied knowledge of anatomy with or without the inclusion of visual resources such as cadaveric specimens or images, radiological images, and/or clinical photographs. Multimedia learning theories have advanced the understanding of how words and images are processed during…

Analysis of data from single-case intervention studies commonly involves visual analysis. Previous research indicates that visual analysis may suffer from low reliability and unpromising error rates. We investigated the reliability and validity of visual analysis and explored to what extent data trends affect judgments. We administered a…

The lever rule applies to any two-component system existing in a state of two-phase equilibrium. Here, several classroom demonstrations are described to help students understand liquid--liquid coexistence and the lever rule using a set of isobutyric acid + water + dye samples ranging in composition from water + dye to isobutyric acid + dye. The…

Whilst the importance of engaging with children's voices is now more widely recognized, there is still a dearth of representation of younger children's voices specifically. Visual methodological tools, such as photo-elicitation and photo-voice are used in research; however, there remains a lack of clarity about what they mean, how they are used,…

Representations are ubiquitous in chemistry. They are part of the chemistry language instructors use to communicate chemistry phenomenon to students. Literature calls in support of learning with multiple representations, but there is a pre-requisite for students to learn from a single representation. In this exploratory study, 1086 students in…

Frost diagrams provide convenient illustrations of the aqueous reduction potentials and thermodynamic tendencies of different oxidation states of an element. Undergraduate textbooks often describe the lowest point on a Frost diagram as the most stable oxidation state of the element, but this interpretation is misleading because the thermodynamic…

Multicomponent solution calculations can be complicated for students and practiced chemists alike. This article describes how to simplify the calculations by representing a solution's composition as a point in a "concentration space," whose axes are the concentrations of each solute. The graphical representation of mixing processes in a…

Interlocking toy building blocks (e.g., Lego) as chemistry teaching modules are presented. Interlocking building blocks were assembled on a baseplate to depict chemistry concepts of Lewis structures, chemical bonding, conjugate acid-base pairs, types of chemical reactions, irregularity in ionization energy trends, and the decay of a radioactive…

Pictures are commonly used to represent problems. However, it is unclear how the addition of pictures affects students' problem-solving performance. The multimedia effect in problem solving describes the phenomenon whereby an individual's problem-solving performance is enhanced when equivalent pictures are added to illustrate or replace part of…

Infographics utilize visuals to narrate complex information in a simple and concise manner and may represent an educational opportunity for Extension professionals. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of communication mode on audience engagement and reach through social media. We hypothesized infographic posts would elicit a…

Ample scientific literature recognises the role of visual thinking in the constructive process of ideas and mental images and the function of visual intelligence in the communicative processes. Starting from the sectoral studies, we have turned our attention to the visual communication of the results of scientific research, relating it to some…

The search for conditions to create a developing learning environment, methods and means of teaching is the main objective of psychological science. The relevance of the problem under study is due to the active development of intercultural communication processes, in which advertising plays an important role. This circumstance requires the…

This article suggests two approaches for sharing education research based on a model of research dissemination for Twitter pioneered by the medical community. The first approach is the visual abstract that reflects a visual summary of a study's textual abstract. Evidence demonstrates that compared with a text-alone approach, the visual abstract…