Presents an occupational competition model consisting of work qualifications, opportunities, rewards, and shelters to account for cohort representation in occupations. U.S. census data are used to follow four male and four female cohorts in 63 occupations over 20-year periods from 1920-40 and 1950-70. (Author/AM)

Compares two procedures employed by the Speech Communication Association for listing job vacancies (1979-1981). Examines the first year of the job listings in the "Spectra" newsletter to assess the impact of the termination of the Placement Service "Bulletin." Analyzes salaries, position requirements, geographic distribution,…

New data from the Current Population Survey indicate that women have fewer years in their current occupations than men, a factor which affects the earnings disparity. (Author)

Robots--powerful, versatile, and easily adapted to new operations--may usher in a new industrial age. Workers throughout the labor force could be affected, as well as the nature of the workplace, skill requirements of jobs, and concomitant shifts in vocational education. (SK)

As the use of robots and microprocessors in industry grows, the authors see little need to worry about loss of employment through job obsolescence. Rather, they expect a trend towards higher standards of living and the emergence of new goods and services. (CT)

This article endeavors to explicate some of the mechanisms whereby the dual sector distinction is relevant for earnings determination. The author estimates both direct and indirect sectoral effects, disaggregates the dependent variable into hourly wage and annual hours worked components, and explores the interplay between sector and occupational…

Examines the trend toward compression of working hours into fewer days per week. Compares the workweeks of goods- and services-producing industries, white- and blue-collar workers, and public employees. (SK)

The business cycle has a strong impact on calculated rates of return to schooling. Cross-sectional rates of return are positively related to the unemployment rate in the year the cross-section is taken. The sensitivity of the relationship was not found to be substantially different among the races. (CT)

Surveys of Portland and San Francisco employers about their reactions to job development activity found most were favorable or indifferent to being contacted by representatives serving the disabled. The hiring of state vocational rehabilitation agency clients increased with the number of employees and the number of positions filled. (Author)

Demographic differences in patterns of employment variation over the business cycle are examined. It is concluded that (1) both participation and unemployment must be considered in any analysis of cyclical changes in the labor market and (2) young people bear a disproportionate share of cyclical employment variation. (Author/CT)

The purpose of this study was to determine through the estimation of reduced-form equations whether there is a direct causal connection between the impending short supply of labor and the incentive for businesses to increase their capital investments, with a consequent increase in productivity. (Editor)

Presents samples of entries from the ERIC database concerned with the design and administration of graduate programs in three clusters: (1) General Studies; (2) Of, By, and For Students; and (3) Speech Communication and Employability. (JMF)

Discusses trends in the domestic economy and labor market in Japan as well as the status and developmental tasks ahead for career guidance. Describes government efforts to upgrade guidance services and train and certify counselors. (JOW)

A survey of training departments (n=560) investigated whether training is done in-house or is outsourced. Findings determined that companies are increasing their training staffs, the percentage of courses taught has not changed in three years, and evidence of outsourcing is not conclusive. (JOW)

Explores the effect of contingent and alternative employment on individuals' positions in the labor market. Examines the importance of these arrangements and investigates the preferences of contingent and alternative workers regarding their arrangements and their reasons for being in that type of employment arrangement. (JOW)