A compilation is made of reports from a conference dealing with workable administrative practices which provide for individual differences. The nature of individual differences as they operate in reading instruction is defined, and various dimensions, such as growth ages, sex differences, intelligence, cognitive abilities and styles, are discussed…

The importance and consequences of raising the average ability level (IQ) of the population requires consideration of the ability level that society requires, how the relevant abilities are distributed, and the efficiency of the current educational process. Within the framework of these factors, the document discusses the determinants of mental…

Programed instruction applies what is known about learning to educational psychology. The success of programed learning is determined by the material used and by the construction of this material. In order to construct effective learning sequences, the behavioral end products of instruction must be specified clearly and precisely. The subject…

The purpose of this book is to report and interpret a group of research studies relating to social-cognitive development in early childhood through adolescence. Adults interpret the covert psychological properties of other people, their abilities, knowledge, motives, attitudes, perceptions, and intentions relevant to concrete situations. An infant…

Studies of teacher rating form (TRF) generalizability have focused primarily on two classes of variables: student characteristics and teacher characteristics. Since the goal of most TRF researchers is to show that TRF scores correlate with teacher-produced student achievement, a suitable generalizability study would investigate the relationship…

Two postsecondary institutions in Michigan, Macomb County Community College and Michigan State University, participated in a two-year program that attempted to implement and evaluate a set of procedures developed for measuring and mapping each student's educational cognitive style and using the resulting maps to individualize educational programs…

The first of two papers included in this document addresses two related problems: Problem one: The appropriateness of existing standardized tests of achievement for the assessment of academic function in minority and disadvantaged group member students. Problem two: The appropriateness of such instruments for the assessment of the impact of…

This paper presents a multi-faceted study of interactions between teachers and children in four first grade classrooms. Research and theory related to teacher behavior, child development, teacher-student interactions, the classroom environment and the social context of schools and communities are reviewed. Previous research which has portrayed the…

This doctoral thesis examines whether inductive and deductive teaching methods are appropriate for different learners. Statistical interactions between the two instructional methods and various aptitude variables were examined among 275 sixth-grade pupils. Subjects were randomly assigned to rule-example (deductive) treatments or example-rule…

The focus of the study reported here is on two issues: whether the two most elaborate systems of natural observation, that is, those developed by Escalona and Watts could be applied to mother-child interaction recorded in a teaching situation; and whether there are relationships between maternal-child behavior so observed, and a more extended…

The current study is concerned with identifying racial-ethnic differences in cognitive strategies or structures that are related to performance on verbal ability tests. The study had two goals: (1) to compare the semantic equivalency of intelligence test items between racial-ethnic groups, and (2) to examine the relationships of individual…

A compilation is made of reports from a conference dealing with workable administrative practices which provide for individual differences. The nature of individual differences as they operate in reading instruction is defined, and various dimensions, such as growth ages, sex differences, intelligence, cognitive abilities and styles, are discussed…

A total of 240, 7- and 10-year-olds were tested on memory and sex-role preference tasks. The memory task was the Wickens release from proactive inhibition paradigm in which short-term recall of words is tested on successive trials. On trials 1-4 words were selected from 1 of 2 categories, either words with masculine or feminine connotations. On…

A review of the research literature on goal-setting in organizational settings reveals that goal-setting on an individual job results in better task performance. However, the processes behind their effectiveness is unclear. For example, how are various job attributes of task goals related to performance, and how do various individual differences…

In this study an attempt was made to obtain a developmental dimension for estimating longitudinal development on the basis of cross-sectional data. To check the validity of this approach, the cross-sectional data were compared with true longitudinal data. Forty-three public school children were given a series of conservation tasks in four…