Within the framework of the social stress and behavioral theories of depression, this study investigated the hypothesis that postpartum depression is a function of disruption of parents' prepartum functioning by the subsequent demands of infant caretaking. Seventy-eight primiparous married couples (N=156, 78 men and 78 women) volunteered to…

Research has suggested that an association exists between sex role identity and typing and affective states. The relationship of sex role type and depressive mood was explored through the direct manipulation of affect in a mood induction procedure. Female (N=208) and male (N=131) subjects, classified as either androgynous, masculine, feminine, or…

The effects of an instigator's and a respondent's disclosure on impressions of the revealing respondent were examined in a pair of experiments. The first experiment assessed the effects of both own and other's disclosure on a participant perceiver. After meeting a confederate partner, female undergraduate subjects (N=83) were induced to make an…

Three hundred female college students participated in a study to determine whether viewing a prior sequence of photographs of emotional-facial expressions would influence their impressions of later expressions. Each subject was tested individually and shown one series of five separate photographs of varying facial expressions, one photograph at a…

Two books that use documentary photography to examine social problems--"You Have Seen Their Faces," a 1937 study of Southern sharecroppers by Margaret Bourke-White and Erskine Caldwell, and "An American Exodus," a 1939 examination of the migration of farm families by Dorothea Lange and Paul S. Taylor--are compared in this…

The traumatic effect of divorce on young children is discussed, noting the typical changes in behavior evidenced by children in such a situation. Suggestions are made on ways parents can cope with the child's emotional reactions and alleviate the stress that is natural when a marriage dissolves. (JD)

The study, conducted by Temple University's Institute for Survey Research during September - December of 1976, consisted of interviews of more than 2,200 children aged 7 to 11, and more than 1,700 of their parents. The interviews, of a scientifically selected sample, were structured to determine the general environment in which children…

This study examined the reactions of 45, 10-month-old infants to peer strangers. The infants were observed in two conditions: with a stranger of the identical age (10 months) and with one who was younger (5 months). In additon, each infant's behavior when he was alone with his mother was compared to his behavior when he was in the presence of…

Subjects in five stress groups were threatened with electric shock while subjects in a sixth group were not. In one of the stress groups subjects were encouraged to misattribute (i.e., project) their feelings from the threat of shock to the experimenter instead of to the shock, while subjects in the remaining stress groups were not encouraged to…

A literature study by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement revealed that as a result of instruction from their teachers, students at the end of junior high are well on their way to narrowing their perceptions of appropriate responses to a literary work to those which can be characterized as formal, analytic,…

This study compares modes of cognitive functioning revealed in student selection of a college major. Students were interviewed in-depth concerning reasons for their choice of majors. Protocol data suggested two distinct modes of thinking were evident on an analytic-intuitive dimension. For operational purposes analytic thinking was defined by…

Ten third-grade Puerto Rican children in New York City, representative of students with reading difficulties from low-income families, were taught emotionally charged or neutral words. Twenty words, 10 emotionally charged and 10 neutral, were taught to the subjects on 4 successive days. Pretesting on printed-word recognition was conducted before…

The physical and psychological difficulties which accompany grief resulting from another's death are described, and the intrapersonal and interpersonal communication behaviors exhibited by bereaved individuals are outlined. The role of intrapersonal communication--the mourner communicating with himself--and interpersonal communication--the mourner…

This study investigated two questions: (1) Can a humorous persuasive message increase the amount of persuasion compared with a serious control message? (2) Can humor external to and contiguous with a persuasive message increase its persuasiveness? The research on the first question attempted to determine intervening variables responsible for prior…

This study investigates sex and age differences in on-going emotionality. Systematic convenience sampling was used in conducting two waves of interviews. The interviews involved approaching subjects (n=1205) and asking them questions concerning their present emotional state, how often they experience emotion, etc. The study gives no evidence that…