Teachers often struggle with determining how vulnerable to make themselves in the classroom. Many teachers intuitively desire to exude strength and confidence in their teaching and view vulnerability as a hindrance to that aim. However, there exists a vulnerability paradox: the more vulnerable teachers make themselves, the stronger students' trust…

A study was conducted to implement the use of a standardized effect size and corresponding classification guidelines for polytomous data with the POLYSIBTEST procedure and compare those guidelines with prior recommendations. Two simulation studies were included. The first identifies new unstandardized test heuristics for classifying moderate and…

Expected yield rates are essential to a survey's data collection plan, as they inform requisite sample sizes to meet the survey's objectives. Given an overall expected yield rate for a self-administered mail survey, this short take describes a simple method for using the Census Planning Database to assign differential yield rates to lower-level…

This article explores the role of text and reader characteristics in character engagement experiences. In an online study, participants completed several self-report and behavioral measures of social-cognitive abilities and read two literary narratives in which the presence of linguistic viewpoint markers was varied using a highly controlled…

In selected-response assessments such as attitude surveys with Likert-type rating scales, examinees often select from rating scale categories to reflect their locations on a construct. Researchers have observed that some examinees exhibit "response styles," which are systematic patterns of responses in which examinees are more likely to…

This study reports the results of 4 experiments that addressed whether the domains of deictic time and number exert a cross-domain link. Such a link would be consistent with A Theory of Magnitude (i.e., ATOM). In contrast, no link between the two domains would support the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), which assumes that each domain is only…

The importance of emotional awareness (EA) and emotion regulation (ER) for children's and adolescents' development has been suggested in numerous studies, but longitudinal trajectories of these aspects of emotional competence have rarely been examined. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate developmental trends of EA and ER in…

Much important research on the learning of mathematics with technology-supported inquiry has been devoted to learning with multiple-linked representations (MLR) as a mode of feedback. Like a mirror, MLR feedback helps students see their actions in one representation "reflected" in another. Yet, research has followed learning episodes…

Teachers' emotions while they teach and how these may play out in their students' experience of mathematics lessons is under-researched. Here, we present a proposition for the incorporation of a type of data not typically included in the study of teacher emotions while they teach: physiological data. Specifically, we present our use of a GSR…

Knowledge of autistic individuals' experiences of self-compassion is very limited. This study investigated autistic women's experiences of self-compassion after receiving their diagnosis in adulthood. Eleven autistic women completed semi-structured interviews analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three super-ordinate themes were…

Even small monetary incentives, e.g., a one-dollar bill in a postal invitation letter, can increase the response rate in a web survey. However, in the euro currency area, the smallest amount of monetary incentive for a postal invitation is a five-euro bill, which is costly. As such, we conducted a random experiment with prepaid stamp and postcard…

The present study is among the first to investigate how three foreign language (FL) emotions, namely FL enjoyment (FLE), anxiety (FLCA), and boredom (FLB), are related to each other. It is the first study to consider how the three FL emotions are shaped by one learner-internal variable (attitude toward the FL), by two perceived teacher behaviors…

Purpose: This study aims to examine how transformational leadership impacts learning flows that are critical for enhancing the learning capabilities of organizations. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 502 employees of business organizations located in India. A cross-sectional design was adopted, and partial least squares…

The temporal sequence of learning behavior is multidimensional and continuous in MOOCs. On the one hand, it supports personalized learning methods, achieves flexible time and space. On the other hand, it also makes MOOCs produce a large number of dropouts and incomplete learning behaviors. Dropout prediction and decision feedback have become an…

Back random responding (BRR) behavior is one of the commonly observed careless response behaviors. Accurately detecting BRR behavior can improve test validities. Yu and Cheng (2019) showed that the change point analysis (CPA) procedure based on weighted residual (CPA-WR) performed well in detecting BRR. Compared with the CPA procedure, the…