The rationale behind Public Law 94-142, which pertains to education of handicapped children, is presented. Key terms such as mainstreaming, least restrictive environment, zero reject, most appropriate placement, and individualized education are discussed to clarify their significance for educators. (PP)

Cognitive control over impulsive behavior on a Luria-type task was examined for 165 middle- and lower-socioeconomic status (SES) children in nursery school and first grade. Specific impulse control problems were found for both middle- and lower-SES children in nursery school. By first grade, only the lower-SES children continued to exhibit this…

Investigated possible reflections of teachers' locus of control in their professional attributions in educational situations. Findings based on a random sample of 190 elementary school teachers point to significant differences between high and low scores on the I.E. Scale (Rotter, 1966) in attribution of responsibility in several educational…

Investigated the effects of individual difference variables of field dependence/independence and spatial visualization ability on the performance of college students in three modes. The extent to which four variables account for variability in retention test performance on certain tasks was also viewed. (MP)

A case study approach was taken to determine the degree to which teachers, enrolled in a graduate methods class in language arts and reading, comprehended new theories and applied them in their classrooms. Results indicated that there were broad differences in teacher behavior. Approaches to be taken in changing teacher behavior are discussed. (JN)

Discusses some of the ways reading instructors have responded to individual differences in children. Methods described include grouping for instruction, self-selected reading, language-experience reading, individualized instruction, skill development, and computer-assisted instruction. The teacher's role is discussed. (Author/DB)

The author describes five models of educational systems: elitist; occupational; open-access; horizontal; and atomistic, or informal. He then describes the type of society into which each system would fit best, using examples of higher education systems both in the United States and in other countries. (KC)

Describes three theories applicable to the study of human communication and nutrition education research: (1) communication effects perspective (applicable for evaluating short-term efforts); (2) social relationship perspective (applicable for evaluating long-term efforts); and (3) pragmatics (applicable to face-to-face communications). Includes…

Learning disabled and slowly developing readers were assigned to reading instruction programs on context cue use differing only in extent of pupil control over determination of errors. Results indicated no main effect for experimental condition. Interaction was found, however, between pretreatment locus of attribution and experimental condition.…

Reports results of a study designed to determine how well several forms of adjunct questions establish encoding by visual imagery, and whether such coding enhances performance compared to questions designed to encourage verbal encoding alone. (CS)

Intended as a nontechnical review of current scientific knowledge in the field, this essay considers the nature of primary and secondary intellectual abilities, plus the major features of, and the development of individual differences in, the skills and capacities constituting intelligence. Part of a theme issue on intelligence. (Author/SJL)

Adolescent women's perception of their identity in relation to family members spanning three generation was related to their sex-role orientation. Significantly more constructs empirically differentiated family by generation than by sex. There was no relationship between family constellation and sex-role orientation. (Author/CP)

Reviews studies investigating the language and conceptual abilities of children from different types of home background and the relationship of these abilities to school readiness and to later school achievement. (MP)

The premise that each human being possesses individual characteristics and potentialities is discussed through explication of the Anisa Model of educational theory. (LH)

The author challenges humanist educators to recognize the systematic oppression of girls through enculturation and socialization processes. She points out existing discrimination in occupations and sex roles. Educators are further challenged to help girls develop independency and self-respect through the educational system. (HLM)