Of primary interest in this study was the effect of general ability on learning. It was hypothesized that students higher in general ability would obtain higher posttest scores on the average than lower ability students, and that verbal and figural explanatory supplements to minimal instructional materials would reduce the regression of general…

Psychological studies on personality characteristics obtained from individuals prior to being diagnosed as alcoholics are reviewed. Retrospective studies suggesting an association between childhood anti-social behavior and the subsequent problem of alcoholism are presented, supported by studies of the personality inventories of college students…

This document contains five symposium papers exploring sex differences in cognition. The first paper defines the purposes of the study, i.e., to examine which cognitive performance factors are related to sex differences, and to investigate possible biological, social, and psychological factors affecting developmental sex differences. The second…

The questions of whether undergraduate students use different processes in evaluating their own learning in a course, and whether such differences are related to differences in personality development or cognitive development were studied. It was predicted that students possessing well developed abstract conceptual structures would show a more…

This book on the social and psychological development of the infant (0-1 year) is designed for use in a foster parent training program. The book is divided into 5 parts. Part I briefly lists the expected social and psychological behaviors for each 2-month period of the infant's first year, suggests adult responses and guidance techniques…

Using the interactionist framework and semantic differential and discriminant analysis techniques, the study sought to determine (a) the existence of body build stereotypes, (b) the extent of identification with these stereotypes, and (c) the effect of such identification upon the child's self evaluation. The subjects were 388 children in grades…

Fifty-five recent studies of individual differences (IDs) in elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs) are reviewed. Twenty-five data sets are examined, analyzed, or reanalyzed by factor analysis. The following promising dimensions are identified: basic perceptual processes, reaction and movement times, mental comparison and recognition tasks, retrieval…

A THEORETICAL PARADIGM FOR ANALYZING THE DYNAMICS OF TASK AND PROCESS COMPONENTS OF GROUP LIFE AS THEY ARE RELATED TO THE MANIFOLD FORCES OPERATIVE IN THE CLASSROOM IS PRESENTED. PUPILS ARE VIEWED AS MEMBERS OF A PREDOMINANTLY WORK-ORIENTED CULTURE--THE CLASSROOM. WITHIN THIS CULTURE, TWO KINDS OF CONFLICT-PRODUCING DEMANDS TO WHICH PUPILS MUST…

The proper assessment of anxiety-causing behaviors will help the athlete and coach choose coping strategies which are most compatible with the particular problem and personality type of the individual. Suggestions most often include practical methods of describing and evaluating behaviors that differ from the norm so that cues signalling anxiety…

In this study preschool, first grade, and sixth grade children played games which assessed ratio-proportionality ability, thought to be a precursor to proportionality ability, thought to be a precursor to equity allocations. The 48 children (eight boys and eight girls from each grade) played a game with one train which had six cars and one train…

Recent proliferation at training and educational programs for paraprofessional and non professionals has occurred without systematic evaluation of systems' utilization of newly trained people. It was the purpose of this study to assess both job functioning and attitudes of paraprofessionals in relation to professionals and the interaction of…

To date, fewer than a dozen studies of grandparenting have been reported. While a serious reading of the available data is premature, several lines of inquiry and issues can be identified and discussed. This presentation explores six general topics: (1) age and cohort differences, (2) sex differences, (3) social group differences, (4) individual…

THERE IS A DICHOTOMY WHICH EXISTS IN EDUCATION AND--IN PARTICULAR, IN THE DOMAIN OF MUSIC LEARNING--IN THE ASSUMPTION THAT INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING ARE MET IN A LARGE GROUP-INSTRUCTION PROGRAM. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE IN THE RESEARCH WAS TO TEST AND TO EVALUATE A CLINICAL TYPE OF INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM BASED ON INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN SUCH A…

This paper considers the nature of the religious experience involved in hallucinogenic drug ingestion and the percentage of students using drugs for this purpose or using a vocabulary of mysticism as a subterfuge and rationalization for motivated activity. The operational characteristics of religious experience are described. Neo-mystics draw…

Cultural democracy is a concept which should be incorporated into the educational philosophy supporting all aspects of the teaching of English; specifically, it should be the basis of bicultural education. This concept stresses the importance of recognizing the attributes and needs not only of cultural and ethnic groups, but also of individuals…