Explored the relationship of perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) to environment and individual subjects' characteristics. Experimental manipulation of objective environmental uncertainty showed task-related PEU strongly related to this objective uncertainty manipulation, and secondarily to individual characteristics. Results suggest…

Discussed whether similarity affects the relationship between comparison and other-evaluation. Subjects read about an emergency, estimated their reaction, and evaluated a target who failed to help. Results showed increasing discrepancy between self and other's reactions led to more negative evaluations if self and target were the same sex.…

Individual differences in the social behavior of young siblings were studied in 40 sibling pairs observed at home, when the second child was 8 months old and 14 months old. Differences between same-sex and different-sex sibling pairs were marked by the second observation. More positive social behavior characterized same-sex pairs; more negative…

The experiments reviewed in this paper give strong reasons for concluding that the order in which things are learned, the range of exemplification of structural principles, and the introduction of a carefully judged amount of conflict may be critical to reaching an appropriate kind and level of learning. (Author/SJL)

This study investigated the effects of learner-generated pictures on science learning relative to both a verbal strategy and a control condition, and to determine the role of individual differences. Results revealed weak effects favoring a drawing strategy for males and females, and a holistic strategy for females only. (Author/GK)

Discusses the problems involved in matching differences between learners and differences between different types of media to improve the learning process. Thirty-eight references are cited. (CHC)

Problems of differentiation and uniformity of educational provisions are products of the era of emphasis on equality of educational opportunity. Three typical national solutions are dealt with in this paper: the American comprehensive model, the Western European elitist model, and the Eastern European model of a unitary school. (Author)

Identified persons who actively direct and influence the positive evolution of others by acting upon the environment. Selected individuals on the basis of service to the community and matched them with a comparison group. A comparative analysis indicated differences in education and personality characteristics in the selected "autoevolutionary"…

Discusses the role of individualized instruction (II), and educational innovation in general, in the back-to-basics movement. Describes several approaches to innovation and lists some common reasons for the failure of innovative instructional practices. (CS)

Provides general guidelines for conducting educational research in the field of individualized instruction. (CS)

Presents a brief review of the historical background of Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) by one of its founders. Reflects on the past and future for this form of individualized instruction. (CS)

The assumptions of the principle of legality are explored. It is concluded that any response to human conflict that respects individual authenticity and sovereignty, human diversity, competency, and shared responsiblity can only be given retrospectively. (Author/MC)

The "class trap" is defined as the problems which can arise when all students in the class are required to progress at the same rate. To illustrate this concept, a case study is presented of arithmetic instruction in a single class, then strategies to avoid the trap are outlined. (SJL)

Three variables: subject area, day of the week, and academic activity, were examined to determine whether pupil involvement in academic learning activities is an indicator of pupil learning. Differences were found in each variable, implying that more effective use of allocated instruction time will increase academic achievement. (JD)

A review of early education for Asian American children (Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Vietnamese, Koreans, Hawaiians, and Samoans) focuses on the 1975 Asian American Education Project, a study of the learning characteristics of preschool age children and its educational implications. (CM)