Certain play situations are very difficult for young visually impaired children. This booklet focuses on three areas of play: exploring toys and materials, making transitions from one activity to another, and playing with other children. Through anecdotal descriptions of common situations encountered by caregivers, the booklet discusses why these…

The assumption that therapeutic or homework directives enhance therapy has received little research attention. To explore compliance with homework directives in a behavioral self-control treatment of weight loss, the comparative importance of social support (S), support plus directives with no rationale (SD), support plus directives with rationale…

A set of practical behavior change techniques for improving young children's classroom behavior are briefly discussed. Techniques are classified and discussed under two general categories: those that reduce frequency of behaviors ("sticks") and those that increase their frequency ("carrots"). Included under "sticks" are techniques such as ignoring…

Intended primarily for regular education teachers, the book discusses the education of mainstreamed children with emotional, learning, and behavior problems. The first section addresses some of the critical issues that have to be taken into account in designing services for such children, including determining goals, defining the population, and…

This book offers an alternative set of goals for physical education focusing on human needs and values rather than on fitness and sport skill development per se. The first chapter provides an overview of goals and strategies that respond to the trends in society that currently confront students. Descriptions are given of the developmental levels…

The position statement of the Association for Retarded Citizens (ARC) addresses issues in the design and delivery of programs for persons with mental retardation. An introductory section presents basic principles and philosophies underlying services, including integration, human rights, equal rights, normalization, and the developmental model.…

Over three hundred school psychologists were surveyed about their working practice and their views with regard to treating seriously emotionally disturbed adolescents. The survey questionnaire sought the following details: 1) Demographic information; 2) Professional opinions about serious emotional disturbance; 3) Personal working practice with…

In the first part of this paper, training models and procedures of alcohol and drug counselors at paraprofessional levels are compared and elaborated. Findings from a review of more than 120 different training programs throughout the United States reveal that none of these programs are designed specifically to train behaviorally-oriented drug and…

Data are from a large scale experimental study which was designed to evaluate a multimethod problem solving approach to obesity. Obese adult volunteers (N=90) were randomly assigned to three groups: maximal treatment, minimal treatment, and no treatment control. In the two treatment groups, subjects were exposed to bibliographic material and…

Behavioral scientists are becoming increasingly involved in the field of medicine. This paper describes some of the issues that can arise when the behavioral scientist collaborates with the medical practitioner. Recommendations are offered for the behavioral scientist considering such collaboration. (Author/VG)

New techniques are being developed that enhance the effectiveness of psychological forces in controlling bodily reactions. All of them are powerful tools for the psychological control of pain. This article reviews such techniques and addresses itself to the contributions that counselors can make to alleviate physical pain. (Author)

Behavior modification has been used in classrooms, industry, and marriage counseling. In behavioral family therapy, the therapist examines how family members learn undesirable behaviors, how they can unlearn these behaviors, and how they can learn more desirable behaviors. This type of therapy is a method of direct treatment in which goals are…

Psychological training programs developed and implemented for gymnasts of a wide range of age and varying ability levels are examined. The programs utilized strategies based on cognitive-behavioral intervention. The approach contends that mental training plays a crucial role in maximizing performance for most gymnasts. The object of the training…

Alcohol abuse is a serious problem affecting not only the individual abuser, but also family, friends and society. The effectiveness of contracts as positive tools in the treatment of alcohol abuse was investigated for 15 current abusers randomly assigned to individual therapy sessions. Each subject completed a Personal History Questionnaire, the…