Focusing on feedback as a necessary condition for goals to affect performance, it was predicted that feedback and goals would be interactively related to performance. This prediction complements findings by Locke and his colleagues that knowledge alone is not sufficient condition for effective performance. Also, it was suggested that the…

The primary purpose of this study was to establish normative data for the cognitive style behaviors of children from kindergarten through the ninth grade. Approximately 400 students served as subjects. The measures used were a free response pictorial-, a multiple choice pictorial-, and a multiple choice verbal-test. Cognitive style behavior was…

Previous studies show that a listener has the potential to receive recorded information at a rate far exceeding the rates that are used for conversation and for the production of tape recordings. However, few studies have examined listeners' rate preferences. Thus, 48 elementary school children in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade listened to a series…

Fifty-eight students (in grades 5 and 6) of average or near-average intelligence (who were reading 2 or more years below their normal expected level and who learned best through the auditory modality) took part in a study to evaluate the following areas: the effectiveness of two auditory highlighting procedures for increasing listening…

In research conducted "over a period of 20 years" on aptitudes of high level personnel, the purpose was to analyze thinking abilities or processes into their unique components. The approach was through study of individual differences in performance on intellectual tasks varied systematically over broad ranges of psychological functioning.…

A plan for individualizing instruction in large or small secondary reading classes is presented. The need for adapting reading instruction to individual student differences is discussed with emphasis upon a complete and thorough diagnosis of each student's individual needs. Techniques are outlined for measuring, interpreting, and recording…

A biographical inventory, an ability test, and three reading tests were administered to 699 persons who were hopeful about beginning course work at the University of Calgary. These students were categorized as Mature Non-matriculants because they did not have senior matriculation which is necessary for normal entry to the university. A total of…

The premises of this article are that the teacher should be the prime developer of curriculum and that total staff involvement in curriculum development must be a reality if instructional improvement in reading is to be effected. With this in mind, eight musts for teachers are set forth and expounded upon. (1) The teacher must set the scope of the…

The purpose of this study was to determine whether creativity could be facilitated by a training method based on a salient characteristic of the creative individual, namely, his ability to synthesize elements from two disparate psychological entities: (1) visual experiences; and (2) emotional states. A four-session training program is described in…

The Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) Project incorporates minute facilities for evaluating and improving its effectiveness constantly, where necessary, so that it may achieve its desired goals. A field test of IPI on 25 schools in the school year 1967-8 comprising three areas of inquiry emphasized this feature. The schools were tested and…

This study is part of a continuing program of evaluation of open vs. traditional education at the junior high school level. Incoming seventh graders were assigned to open and control groups to evaluate relative effects on academic underachievement, socialization, and general academic "success" as a function of various means of student selection.…

The import of cognitive style research for educational problems and research is discussed. Topics covered include a definition of "cognitive style," particularly "field dependence/independence," individual differences in personal characteristics associated with differences in perceptual mode (field independence) relevance of…

The serious problems faced in the ESAA (Emergency School Aid Act) data collection effort (magnitude of the data to be collected, many kinds of respondents, and sensitivity of much of the data) are discussed. Procedures for overcoming obstacles are described. These include limiting collection to essential data, tailoring instruments to respondents,…

The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) the consistency among fifth-grade children in conceptual style across different conceptual style instruments and (2) the generalizability of conceptual style behavior to school related tasks when stability and instability of children's conceptual style were taken into consideration. Children…

The job of Steel Mill Inspector was analyzed in terms of the sequential constraints existing among the job's operations. This measure of environmental variability was related to cognitive complexity--a measure of the individual Inspector's ability to process job-related information. As predicted, satisfaction with the work itself was an inverted…