Investigates the sociocultural factors which influenced the development and acceptance of the IQ as a concept and intelligence testing as a procedure in the United States between 1900 and 1930. (DB)

Suggests implementation of wide reading programs so that social studies teachers can accommodate various reading levels in their classrooms. Options include parallel texts at different levels, tapes of readings at lowest levels, and individual reading of articles and books at different reading levels. (KC)

Current theories about teaching children to read overemphasize use of the left brain hemisphere. Children with a right-hemisphere dominance are likely to experience difficulties unless reading experiences are planned which capitalize on right-brain characteristics: divergent thinking and creative activities, hands-on experiences, and free reading.…

Describes the research method and the results of behavior analysis of successful negotiators during actual negotiations between union and management representatives and the behaviors that distinguish the skilled from the average negotiators. (MF)

Findings from a study using the Student Estimate of Teacher Concern (SETC) to measure home economics students' perceptions of classroom climate and environment suggest that the SETC should not be used for an overall picture of the classroom or for teacher evaluation but only for students' perceptions. (MF)

Thirteen New York City third graders and 72 sixth graders completed a state reading test and the Learning Style Inventory (LSI) by Dunn, Dunn, and Price. Eleven LSI variables accounted for significant differences between high and low achievers in reading. Variables include preferred learning environment, learning modalities, and personality…

Data from six U.S. national surveys compared the estimated contributions to global happiness and marital happiness and satisfaction with each of seven aspects of life, ranging from work to friendships. Findings indicated that Americans depend very heavily on their marriages for their psychological well-being. (Author)

Receiver difference indices were developed to describe comprehension of organized and disorganized spoken messages. Comprehension was measured by a multiple-choice test and data analyses allowed for the interpretation of different indices of receiver comprehension in a variety of messages conditions. (Author/MH)

To place the concept of emotion in perspective, various issues must be considered: the usefulness of emotion as a unitary concept; the measurement of emotions and the relations among diverse measures; developmental changes; the origins of individual differences in emotional behavior; and the relation between emotional and cognitive development.…

Reports research which distinguished five types of museum visitors by their levels of aesthetic judgment and determined that these types follow different paths and seek different information while in the museum. Based on these findings, a participatory tour format was designed for adolescent Type I and II (naive) visitors. (SJL)

Summarizes the theory of psychological differentiation and reviews recent cross-cultural research on the roles of child rearing, culture, and ecology in the development of individual, group, and sex differences in the field dependence-field independence cognitive style component of psychological differentiation. (SS)

Using a stimulated recall technique, the reports of cognitive processes during teaching of twelve experienced junior high school teachers were recorded in an experimental setting and analyzed. Reports were related to teachers' cognitive style and ability. (Author/JKS)

Time to learn, intelligence, and school achievement were correlated for fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade children. Time to learn was a strong correlate of school achievement. Correlations were lower between time to learn and IQ, and between IQ and achievement. (Author/RD)

Twenty audiotapes, containing lies or true statements, were recorded and judged by 100 subject-listeners, aged 15-30. As a group, subjects displayed better-than-chance accuracy in judging veracity, which confirms previous studies. A tentative profile is drawn of an individual adept at detecting lies. (SJL)

Recent research in the area of individual differences in learning and memory is reviewed from a cognitive perspective. Using the two-state model of memory as a framework, individual variations in attentional, short-term store, and long-term store processes are discussed. (Editor)