Individual differences in publication rates are examined for a small sample of faculty. Among the conclusions are that academic rank, degree qualifications, academic discipline, and number of years since receipt of first degree significantly affect publication rates. (MSE)

This article demonstrates how personal construct theory is used to make generalizations about the perceptions of those in educational and other organizations and to identify organizational subcultures. Constructivist researchers should focus on the individual within the organization, rather than strive for generalized norms about organizational…

The pursuit of excellence is inappropriate in basic physical education programs, where students should learn to understand and enjoy physical fitness activities. However, programs preparing physical education personnel should pursue excellence. (PP)

Examined differences between students who perceived themselves as "successful" and "unsuccessful" problem solvers. Results revealed "successful" and "unsuccessful" problem solvers differed in number of problems acknowledged, on self-report ratings about the personal problem solving process, and on ratings made by interviewers on several cognitive…

The relative influence of scholastic achievement, intelligence, athletic ability, and ethnic origin on the formation of friendships among pupils in two Israel elementary schools was explored. The most important factor was found to be similar academic achievement, followed by intelligence and athletic achievement. (Authors/PP)

Explores the ways in which foreign students differ from their American counterparts, and how these differences may affect the foreign students in a tutorial or one-to-one conference. (AEA)

Describes how student teachers can be made aware of the varying writing behaviors they may find in their classrooms. (AEA)

Reviews studies that use the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) with delinquents and criminals. Studies illustrate the ability of the CPI to measure: (1) personality differences; (2) personality typologies and classifications; (3) personality variables that predict future criminal or asocial behavior; and (4) the historical development of…

Investigated the interaction of demonstrated knowledge of assertive behavior with treatments for nonassertive behavior to clarify the interaction of deficits with treatments. Results failed to support a differential treatment approach to assertion based on demonstrated knowledge. (Author)

Examined two components of counselor attractiveness--perceived similarity and liking--in a comparison of two theoretical approaches to attractiveness and influence in counseling--the referent power hypothesis and an attributional approach. Results generally support the attributional approach over the reference power hypothesis. (Author)

Describes changes in personality variables coincident with high or low achievement during the first term in college. Differences between high- and low-achieving groups were found in academic self-concept, sense of academic futility, and text anxiety. Changes during the term occurred largely in the low achieving group. (Author)

An approach to intelligence which emphasizes domain-specific constraints on knowledge structures is compared to information processing approaches. The evaluation of any cognitive ability as being intelligent crucially depends on prior specification of the formal constraints on the domains of knowledge from which that ability originates. (Author/RD)

Compared learning disabled (LD) and normally achieving (NA) grade three children. Results showed general demographic factors did not differentiate but significantly more LD than NA children came from homes with parental separation. LD mothers had significantly lower perceptions of their children's academic abilities and lower expectations. (Author)

Reviews findings of recent television research and discusses two dominant issues: the nature and determinants of children's attention to television, and the amount and kind of content retained by different age groups. It is recommended that research on media effects incorporate age-related and individual difference factors. Nineteen references are…

Reviews literature on cognitive style (especially field-dependence-independence) to demonstrate how persons of different cognitive styles are differentially responsive to Human Relations Training (HRT). Provides a conceptual framework for a matching model approach to HRT research. (JAC)