Three functions that might explain why analogies are effective reading aids are described. Six experiments using elementary, secondary, and college students are reported which address the use of analogies as reading aids. Performance improvement, reading time, effects of restrictive time conditions, and aptitude treatment interactions are…

A national survey of 6115 college students indicated that 81.9 percent were drinking at least once a year and 20.2 perent were heavy drinkers. Results are presented for demographic and drinking characteristics, and comparisons with a similar 1974 study are given. (Author/BL)

Ability to represent life-size space in a small scale was examined by asking 4-year-olds to create a small-scale model of a familiar preschool classroom. Study 1 children with high or low restructuring ability completed the model under guided or nonguided format. Guidance given to Study 2 children emphasized a functionally clustered classroom…

This excerpt from a presentation at the National Council for Children and Television seminar describes the diverse composition of the Black viewing audience and discusses ways Black stereotypes can be broken down, reasons for improving the Black image, and specific strategies television programmers can use to improve characterizations of…

Carl Jung's theory of psychological type is explored and related to education in this article. A model of the interaction between teacher, student, subject matter, and instructional alternatives is examined and the educational implications are discussed. This theory is used to illustrate how psychological-type influences teaching and learning…

Compared the restrictiveness of special education placements by profession (administrators, school psychologists, and special education teachers) and by type of handicapping condition. Professionals (N=66) assigned placement scores on the basis of three psychological reports. Results indicated that the average placement scores did not differ…

Discusses field-dependent and field-independent perception, their link to learning characteristics, Herman A. Witkin's work on individual perception, and how this is instrumental in determining teaching style. A chart displays characteristics of field-dependent and field-independent students and teachers, motivation tips, and what teachers in each…

Examined the relationship between performance on left and right hemisphere dominant measures of cognition and performance on dichotic memory tasks in 53 adults age 50 and older. Right hemisphere performance on dichotic and cognitive tasks showed a negative association with age while left hemisphere performance showed no decline. (JAC)

Data from the National Child Development Study show changes in reading and math attainment between ages of 7 and 11 for children of different social classes and family sizes. For any given 7-year attainment, the variables and changes are associated with different 11-year attainments. (Author/AV)

Suggestions are given for teachers to operate an individualized mathematics program at the sixth-grade level. (MM)

In this study, findings consistently support the hypothesis that cognitive style has the most impact during initial learning. (MM)

Purpose of the study was to determine whether there were differences between ninth grade students who expressed a career preference among three schools dissimilar in social, educational, economic or cultural backgrounds, and whether these same differences in the willingness to express a career preference appeared when the samples were divided on…

A conceptual model is presented relating numerous variables contributing to sexism in American education. Discrimination is viewed as intervening between two sets of interrelated independent variables and the dependent variable of sex inequalities in educational attainment. Sex-role orientation changes are the key to significant change in the…

Suicide proneness and self-destruction scales, together with measures of self-favorability and self-confidence, were administered to two samples (n=106 and n=213). It is suggested that women are self-destructive in passive ways, reflecting their lack of self-favorability and confidence and manifested by failure to react to everyday situations in…

The authors have formulated some impressions of differences and similarities found in these trainees. In personality, the students in these fields often display differences in need for structure, need for external support, social maturity, and desire for autonomous professional functioning. Implications for quality of service offered and training…