This study investigated whether various kinds of preschool programs have differential cognitive effects on different kinds of children. Relevant literature was reviewed and data, generated in the first 2 years of the Head Start Planned Variations Study (PVS), were analyzed. The eight preschool programs associated with the PVS were considered.…

This study investigates the questions of why male and female college students tend to chosse different fields of study. Subjects were recruited by mail from the list of incoming Freshmen of the University of California at Riverside and sampled randomly to represent one fifth of the Freshman class. Since subjects were paid for their participation…

This pamphlet is intended for teachers and other people concerned with the teaching of reading. The sections of the pamphlet include: "Individual Differences," which looks at how schools have tried to meet the problem of individual differences; "Working with Individual Difference," which discusses what an individual brings with him to the…

This study used the national crisis following President Nixon's decision to send troops into Cambodia as an opportunity to investigate the effectiveness of social influence variables (sex and clothing attire) under conditions of high ego-involvement. Four hundred and forty-six adult passersby were presented an antiwar petition by the authors (one…

The study explored relationships between aptitude test composites and final school grades in Air Force technical training for various cultural subgroups based on race, educational level, and geographical area of enlistment. Regressions of final school grade on an aptitude index were compared for the different subgroups in ten samples of technical…

Seven studies were conducted to investigate the interactions between imagery-ability and experimental treatments that parallel instructional procedures. The general orientation of the studies was to extend the concepts of imaginal and verbal coding systems to include individual differences in symbolic habits. Thus all the studies took into account…

An investigation of a theory of "idiosyncrasy credit" which was developed by Hollander (1958) as a framework for understanding status and conformity, was undertaken in the community college setting. Idiosyncrasy credit represents status and allows for behavior which may exceed the "limits" set by the common expectancies of a group. The specific…

In this investigation of potential sources of individual differences in free-recall learning and retention by children, learning ability is defined in terms of performance on a free-recall test with the upper and lower thirds of the distribution typically being defined as fast and slow learners. Variables concerned with short-term memory,…

Primarily a longitudinal and quantitative analysis of achievement functioning, this experiment sought to identify factors which promote or impair the learning of individual children. The 683 Junior High students were divided into one of eight groups according to sex, race and whether their seventh grade Iowa Test of Basic Skills Composite score…

Among the most crucial problems facing young people today are decisions in the process of vocational development. This study was designed to determine if there are differences in certain aspects of vocational development among the groups of high school agriculture students who plan to enter on-farm agricultural occupations, those who plan to enter…

One goal of this study was to investigate sex differences in facial expressiveness. The study used all possible combinations of males and females in the positions of "sender" and "observer" of the facial communication to determine which factor was responsible for the superior accuracy among females, as reported in a previous study. Another goal of…

Common elements exist in undergraduate and graduate education of reading teachers in knowledge, skills, attitudes and experience; however, the two groups, differing in teaching experiences and preparing for different roles, require different programs. The first group seeking the skills for effective teaching of reading in a classroom requires…

This study investigates the relationship between temporal organization and the rate at which discrimination-reversal learning mastery occurs within sixth-grade students. Subjects were 22 male and 30 female students from a predominantly white, middle class rural school. Temporal behavior was assessed with a task that had subjects reproduce standard…

Although there is general agreement upon a number of factors that contribute to early school success, the extent to which the student population has changed since the inception of most curricula and teaching methods has created some unique problems. This paper describes the Manzo-Meeks-Eanet Difference Inventory, which was devised to measure the…

Individual differences in self-attributions in a forced-compliance task and following manipulations of facial expressions were found to relate, suggesting that the self-attribution processes are similar and that variations among individuals in these processes are general across contents and inputs. (Author)