PREVIOUS STUDIES REPORT THAT CHILDREN WHO ARE GOOD READERS DIFFER IN RESPONSE CONSENSUALITY FROM POOR READERS IN A WORK-ASSOCIATION TASK INVOLVING VERBAL OR PICTORIAL STIMULI. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THIS NONCONSENSUALITY EXISTS AMONG ADULTS FROM DIFFERENT READING LEVELS, 15 ADULTS WERE RANDOMLY CHOSEN FROM EACH OF THREE GROUPS--(1) AN ADULT BASIC…

GIVEN THE TASK OF LEARNING A SERIES OF RANDOMLY ORDERED MEANINGFUL ITEMS, MOST SUBJECTS (SS) IMPOSE SOME ORGANIZATION ON THE MATERIAL DURING THE PROCESS OF LEARNING. AN EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM IS DESCRIBED WHICH PERMITS THE OBJECTIVE SCORING OF EACH S'S SUBJECTIVE ORGANIZATION OF THE MATERIAL ON EACH LEARNING TRIAL. THE CENTRAL FEATURE OF THE…

If a series of verbal units is presented for study, and if a unit occurs two or more times in the series, the practice schedule for these multiple occurrences may be massed or distributed. In massed practice (MP) the item occupies adjacent positions; in distributed practice (DP) successive occurences are separated by at least one other unit. The…

The classic mnemonic for learning serial lists, the method of loci, and its modern counterpart, the peg system, were compared by having subjects learn three 20-item serial lists. In addition to the type of mnemonic training, list imagery was either high (rated 6-7) or medium (rated 4-5), and instructions were either progressive elaboration (e.g.,…

Data based on the single word responses children made to visually presented alphabet letter stimuli were examined and compared with earlier adult studies. One hundred and eighty sixth-grade students from two elementary schools participated in the study. The subjects responded by writing the first word they thought of beginning with the letter…

Sixty of the possible beginning phonemes of English monosyllables were paired with the vowel /a/ in nonsense syllables, and used in illustrative one-syllable words. The sixty manners of commencing words had been scaled in terms of their relative perceptual similarity-dissimilarity in sounds. Both syllables and words were divided into three levels…

This study measured responsiveness to the immediate environment on the basis of the social (vs. neutral) content of a person's free associations, in an effort to relate this responsiveness to field-dependence. The results lend support to the view that field-dependence is associated with social responsiveness in word association. Two aspects of…

The present investigation studied the effectiveness of implicit analogies as advance organizers in children's learning. It was hypothesized that analogies which were structurally isomorphic to the target concept would facilitate learning of the latter even though linkages between components of the two concepts were not overtly specified.…

The purpose of the present study was to directly assess the strength and stability of acoustically mediated word associations under conditions which should maximize their occurrence. (Author)

Analyzes some common sex biases in everyday language and changes in the meanings of words over a period of time. (RB)

Scored responses of 100 subjects to 30 neutral and 30 emotional words. Unique responses were prone to perseverations and reproduction faults on retest. Maudsley Personality Inventory Extraversion scores correlated with number of unique responses and perseverations elicited by neutral words. Reasons considered and it is argued that emotional…

Article examines the importance of retrieval factors in recall as well as suggesting a method which may be useful in studying within-category recall. (Author/ML)

The present study tested the feasibility of using a purely verbal recognition-memory procedure with young children and examined the role of verbal associations in the memory encoding of such children. (Author)