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Schmithorst, Vincent J. – Intelligence, 2009
Recent neuroimaging research has shown sex-related differences in the relationship between brain structure and cognitive function. Anatomical studies have shown a greater reliance for cognitive function on white matter structure in adult females, and a greater reliance on gray matter structure in adult males. Functional neuroimaging studies have…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Intelligence Quotient, Neurology, Brain
Tieges, Zoe; Snel, Jan; Kok, Albert; Ridderinkhof, K. Richard – Brain and Cognition, 2009
The effects of a 3 mg/kg body weight (BW) dose of caffeine were assessed on behavioral indices of response inhibition. To meet these aims, we selected a modified AX version of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the stop task, and the flanker task. In three double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects experiments, these tasks were…
Descriptors: Body Weight, Performance Tests, Inhibition, Cognitive Processes
Samuels, Boba M. – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2009
The new field of Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE)--sometimes called educational neuroscience--is posited as a mediator between neuroscience and education. Several foundational concerns, however, can be raised about this emerging field. The differences between neuroscience and education are many, including differences in their histories,…
Descriptors: Neurology, Cognitive Science, Brain, Interdisciplinary Approach
Sapp, Gregg – Library Journal, 2009
In tight economic times, the concerns and issues of science, viewed as not having enough practical value, can get pushed aside. But the top science books of 2008 demonstrate how science more often than not pays for itself. What's more practical than food (Tomorrow's Table), health (Our Daily Meds), the environment (The Hot Topics), or even--sex…
Descriptors: Books, Nonfiction, Science History, Mathematics
Rodriguez, Paul F. – Learning & Memory, 2009
Memory systems are known to be influenced by feedback and error processing, but it is not well known what aspects of outcome contingencies are related to different memory systems. Here we use the Rescorla-Wagner model to estimate prediction errors in an fMRI study of stimulus-outcome association learning. The conditional probabilities of outcomes…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Prediction, Memory, Probability
Natalucci, Giancarlo; Seitz, Jochen; Von Siebenthal, Kurt; Bucher, Hans U.; Milinari, Luciano; Jenni, Oskar G.; Latal, Beatrice – Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2011
Aim: We assessed motor and intellectual outcome in triplets at school age and investigated the predictive value of perinatal and demographic factors. Methods: Seventy-one live-born newborn infants (24 triplet pregnancies) were prospectively enrolled at birth. At the age of 6 years, 58 children (31 males, 27 females; mean gestational age 31.2wks…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Economically Disadvantaged, Pregnancy, Premature Infants
DiLullo, Camille; McGee, Patricia; Kriebel, Richard M. – Anatomical Sciences Education, 2011
The characteristic profile of Millennial Generation students, driving many educational reforms, can be challenged by research in a number of fields including cognition, learning style, neurology, and psychology. This evidence suggests that the current aggregate view of the Millennial student may be less than accurate. Statistics show that…
Descriptors: Learner Engagement, Cognitive Style, Neurology, Personality
Ma, Joan K.-Y.; Whitehill, Tara; Cheung, Katherine S.-K. – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2010
Background: Dysprosody is a common feature in speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria. However, speech prosody varies across different types of speech materials. This raises the question of what is the most appropriate speech material for the evaluation of dysprosody. Aims: To characterize the prosodic impairment in Cantonese speakers with…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Diseases, Neurology, Patients
Gurcay, Eda; Bal, Ajda; Eksioglu, Emel; Cakci, Aytul – International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 2010
The primary objective of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) in spinal cord injury (SCI) survivors. Secondary objectives were to determine the effects of various sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on QoL. This cross-sectional study included 54 patients with SCI. The Turkish version of the Short-Form-36 Health Survey was…
Descriptors: Injuries, Quality of Life, Surveys, Patients
Penaluna, Andrew; Coates, Jackie; Penaluna, Kathryn – Education & Training, 2010
Purpose: Enabling entrepreneurial creativity is a key aim of UK Government; however, there is a dearth of constructively aligned models of teaching and assessment. This paper aims to introduce design-based pedagogies and to highlight cognitive approaches that develop innovative mindsets; it seeks to indicate their propensity for adoption in…
Descriptors: Evidence, Creativity, Leisure Time, Money Management
Fernandino, Leonardo; Iacoboni, Marco – Brain and Language, 2010
The embodied cognition approach to the study of the mind proposes that higher order mental processes such as concept formation and language are essentially based on perceptual and motor processes. Contrary to the classical approach in cognitive science, in which concepts are viewed as amodal, arbitrary symbols, embodied semantics argues that…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Semantics, Cognitive Mapping, Concept Formation
Smith, Pauline M.; Ferguson, Alastair V. – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2008
Hunger is defined as a strong desire or need for food while satiety is the condition of being full or gratified. The maintenance of energy homeostasis requires a balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The regulation of food intake is a complex behavior. It requires discrete nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS) to detect…
Descriptors: Hunger, Anatomy, Neurology, Physiology
Phelps, LeAdelle – School Psychology Quarterly, 2008
This article provides an update of the search for genetic markers related to Tourette's Disorder. The probable neurophysiology of the disorder is reviewed. Frequently prescribed medications are related to the probable biological bases of the disorder. Behavioral interventions and assessment tools are examined. It is concluded that evidence based…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Genetics, Neurology, Drug Therapy
Raymer, Anastasia M.; Beeson, Pelagie; Holland, Audrey; Kendall, Diane; Maher, Lynn M.; Martin, Nadine; Murray, Laura; Rose, Miranda; Thompson, Cynthia K.; Turkstra, Lyn; Altmann, Lori; Boyle, Mary; Conway, Tim; Hula, William; Kearns, Kevin; Rapp, Brenda; Simmons-Mackie, Nina; Gonzalez Rothi, Leslie J. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2008
Purpose: In this article, the authors encapsulate discussions of the Language Work Group that took place as part of the Workshop in Plasticity/NeuroRehabilitation Research at the University of Florida in April 2005. Method: In this narrative review, they define neuroplasticity and review studies that demonstrate neural changes associated with…
Descriptors: Investigations, Aphasia, Speech Therapy, Workshops
Dong, Chenghai; Upadhya, Sudarshan C.; Ding, Lan; Smith, Thuy K.; Hegde, Ashok N. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays important roles in synaptic plasticity, but the molecular mechanisms by which proteolysis regulates synaptic strength are not well understood. We investigated the role of the proteasome in hippocampal late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP), a model for enduring synaptic plasticity.…
Descriptors: Maintenance, Inhibition, Microbiology, Cognitive Processes