This study investigates the effects of multilingualism and the degree of proficiency in different languages on vocabulary knowledge among Spanish language learners. Participants completed a 160-word meaning recall test designed to measure their knowledge of the 8,000 most frequent Spanish words and a self-assessment questionnaire on their…

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has gained increasing popularity among EFL learners as a CALL tool to improve vocabulary, and many learners have reported its helpfulness for vocabulary learning. However, while there has been some evidence suggesting NMT's facilitative role in improving learners' writing on the lexical level, no study has examined…

According to self-determination theory, the need to experience competence is one of a well-recognized trio of basic psychological needs, alongside the need for autonomy and relatedness. Although often assessed at the activity level, the need for competence is met situationally when learners feel able to understand and affect the world around them.…

Being described as two sides of one coin, language and culture are increasingly recommended to be inseparably addressed. Thanks to technological advances, this is now more feasible than before. In response, this study examined the comparative effects of synchronous and asynchronous telecollaborative digital media projects (DMPs) on learners'…

This study examines the implementation of CEFR Basic User-level descriptors within a systematic instructional design framework to support learner-centered instruction and formative assessment in Korean elementary English education. Focusing on Grades 3 and 4, the study aligned CEFR's four communicative functions--reception, production,…

Collaborative writing is a pedagogical activity increasingly used in second language education. Despite the increased research on L2 students' participation in collaborative writing, scant attention has been paid to student engagement in project-based collaborative writing and the possible engagement changes. This article reports on a longitudinal…

The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into teacher education is increasingly recognized as a catalyst for inclusive and future-ready learning environments. While global discourse on ICT in education continues to expand, empirical evidence from the Global South particularly concerning pre-service teachers in Rwanda…

English is a vital tool for global communication and development, and also a compulsory course for college English as a foreign language (EFL) students. College students as the backbone of social development whose English proficiency is worth noting. Up to now, much research has empowered language learning by technology, which shows its…

One of the critiques of proficiency as defined by scales, such as that of ACTFL, is its lack of grounding in linguistic realities. Measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency provide a route in which proficiency can be quantitatively measured by identifying linguistic correlates (see Brown et al., 2017; Long et al., 2012). This project aimed to…

Purpose: Numerous studies emphasize the critical impact of early communicative interactions on children's language, cognitive, and social development; academic performance; and life outcomes. Early research linking disparities in language interaction quality and quantity to socioeconomic factors sometimes identified these population differences as…

This study investigates the acquisition of sociophonetic competence by English as a foreign language learners in production and perception. Adult learners of English completed speaking, listening, and questionnaire tasks, aimed at assessing their acquisition of sociolinguistic constraints on (ING). First, they were interviewed and read 30…

The rapid increase in international students, many of whom study in a second language (L2), has driven extensive research that examines the contribution of L2 proficiency to students' academic success. However, focusing solely on L2 proficiency as captured by language test scores provides a limited perspective, ignoring the many factors that…

This study aims to explore the impact of gamified teaching on primary school students' oral English proficiency and compare it with traditional teaching methods. The study randomly selected 160 students from 10 classes and divided the participants into gamified teaching group and traditional teaching group. The experimental group adopted gamified…

In the face of growing globalization and international market integration, there is a rising demand for the English Graduation Benchmark (EGB) policy in Taiwanese higher education. While previous research has addressed students' views on the EGB policy and its positive and negative effects on learning and teaching, medical university students'…

This report provides an in-depth comparison of TOEFL iBT® and the Duolingo English Test (DET) in terms of the degree to which both tests assess academic language proficiency in listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The analysis is based on publicly available documentation on both tests, including sample test questions available on the test…