Summarizes research on the relationship of congruence conformity to status. Included are field studies of informal small groups, psychotherapy groups, formal groups and organizations, and election of politicians. Examines implications of the exemplar hypothesis stating high-status group members are closer than others to group ideals. (RC)

Tested the sensitivity of J.L. Holland's congruence method for predicting differential outcomes in the case of subtle person-environment congruence differences. Subjects were Realistic and Investigative engineering students. Results on outcome measures favored the high student-curriculum congruence hypothesis. (Author/RC)

Refutes MacLean's critique of two instruments: the Education Participation Scale and the Personality and Educational Environment Scale. Major arguments center on sample size, predictive validity, reliability, deficiency and growth motivation, research methodology, and inclusion of up-to-date research. (39 references) (SK)

Explored reported interactions between 31 elementary school children and their grandparents. Analyzed respondents' actual and desired activities on dimensions of proximity, congruence, and gender. Results suggest that both grandparents and grandchildren would like more interaction than is actually occurring. Geographical proximity was important…

Black adults (n=53) using services at Afro-American Community Center read bogus resumes and letters of application and completed the Cultural Mistrust Inventory, the Counselor Effectiveness Rating Scale, and the Self-Disclosure Scale with regard to a White counselor. Found a direct relationship between mistrust of Whites in general and perceptions…

Examined effects of client self-esteem as measured by Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and client-counselor similarity as determined by Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) on number of sessions and type of termination (unilateral or mutual) for 55 clients and 9 counselors at university counseling center. Self-esteem interacted significantly with…

Examined linkages between congruence in perceptions of family functioning and adolescent competencies in a sample of first-year college students and their parents. Found that congruence analyses portrayed a more complex picture of congruence and divergence than previous studies and highlighted the importance of examining interaction patterns.…

A study of 171 students in management classes taught by 3 professors found that the congruence between student and professor personalities was a significant predictor of student performance. Significant predictors of satisfaction were (1) congruence between students' ideal class and the actual environment and (2) congruence between student values…

This ethnomethodological case study analysis explored and described how The Student Learning Imperative (American College Personnel Association, 1994), Principles of Good Practice for Student Affairs (American College Personnel Association & National Association of Student Personnel Administrators, 1996), and Good Practice in Student Affairs…

In an attempt to understand what was going on at the classroom level, the College Student Report was augmented to focus on specific classes. The survey draws on items from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) instrument and specific content items for courses were added. This article describes CLASSE, a two-component tool that compares…

The "Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning" ("MJCSL") is a national, peer-reviewed journal consisting of articles written by faculty and service-learning educators on research, theory, pedagogy, and issues pertinent to the service-learning community. The "MJCSL" aims to: (1) widen the community of…

The occupational-environmental typology (Holland, 1985) is based on a theory of persons and work environments. The theory uses a classification of persons and work environments to describe differences and similarities. The theory explains career choice and persistence, attraction and retention of workers, job satisfaction, and environmental…

Residential relocation during the early adolescent years can make numerous adaptational demands during a developmentally sensitive period. This study was conducted to determine the range and prevalence of adolescent concerns related to relocation; to assess the congruence between adolescent-reported concerns and parental perceptions of the…

To clarify numerous points of contention surrounding Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann's spiral of silence theory, according to which individuals' media-influenced perception of their congruence or incongruence with dominant opinion determines their willingness to speak out in public, a study examined the relationship between opinion expression, perceived…

This paper describes a study examining differences between rural counselors and principals. The study used the Counselor Role Inventory (CRI) to look at 105 Western schools which had a single counselor-principal pair. Sixteen survey questions were consolidated into four role functions: prevention, remediation, commitment, and sub-professional…