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Maes, J. H. R.; Damen, M. D. C.; Eling, P. A. T. M. – Brain and Cognition, 2004
The present experiments examined the extent to which two possible sources of error affect healthy subjects' performance in a rule-shift task. All 115 participants first received a discrimination learning task, in which a pair of different visual stimuli was presented on each trial, one of which had to be identified as "correct." Each stimulus…
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Visual Stimuli, Cognitive Processes, Persistence
Ward-Robinson, Jasper – Learning and Motivation, 2004
Three mechanisms can explain second-order conditioning: (1) The second-order conditioned stimulus (CS2) could activate a representation of the first-order conditioned stimulus (CS1), thereby provoking the conditioned response (CR); The CS2 could enter into an excitatory association with either (2) the representation governing the CR, or (3) with a…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Stimuli, Reinforcement, Animals
Simon, Barbara B.; Knuckley, Bryan; Powell, Donald A. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Previous work has demonstrated that drugs increasing brain concentrations of acetylcholine can enhance cognition in aging and brain-damaged organisms. The present study assessed whether galantamine (GAL), an allosteric modulator of nicotinic cholinergic receptors and weak acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, could improve acquisition and retention of…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animals, Eye Movements, Biochemistry
Nakiboglu, Canan – Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 2008
Determining students' knowledge structure is important for assessing what a learner knows about a domain of knowledge. Traditional assessment methods are not always appropriate for exploring students' knowledge structure and changes during the learning period. This study investigates how the existing knowledge structure of the learners interacts…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Student Teachers, Student Evaluation, Prior Learning
Kliegl, Reinhold; Risse, Sarah; Laubrock, Jochen – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2007
Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm with the boundary placed after word n, the experiment manipulated preview of word n + 2 for fixations on word n. There was no preview benefit for 1st-pass reading on word n + 2, replicating the results of K. Rayner, B. J. Juhasz, and S. J. Brown (2007), but there was a preview benefit on the 3-letter…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Perceptual Motor Coordination, Object Manipulation, Word Order
Carneiro, Paula; Albuquerque, Pedro; Fernandez, Angel; Esteves, Francisco – Child Development, 2007
Two experiments attempted to resolve previous contradictory findings concerning developmental trends in false memories within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm by using an improved methodology--constructing age-appropriate associative lists. The research also extended the DRM paradigm to preschoolers. Experiment 1 (N = 320) included…
Descriptors: Preadolescents, Models, Age Differences, Preschool Children
Norrby, Catrin; Hakansson, Gisela – Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 2007
One of the ways to investigate the mental lexicon is to use word association tests. Empirical studies comparing associations by children and adults have indicated a tendency for children to give syntagmatic responses, whereas adults give paradigmatic responses. In order to investigate lexical development in L2 acquisition of Swedish we collected…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Associative Learning, Foreign Countries, Vocabulary Development

Dansky, Jeffrey L.; Silverman, Irwin William – Developmental Psychology, 1975
This study investigated the prediction that playful activity would increase the number of alternate uses that children would be able to give for objects which are not involved in that activity. Subjects were 36 white, middle-class preschoolers. (Author/SDH)
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Cognitive Development, Imitation, Object Manipulation

Bloom, Kathleen; Esposito, Anita – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1975
Presents two studies which investigated the effects of social stimulation on infant's vocalization rates. Experiment I focused on response-contingent and response-independent social stimulation. Experiment II focused on continuous or omitted social stimulation. In both studies, social stimulation increased vocalization and the rate of responding…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Infant Behavior, Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement
Mills, John A.; Winocur, Gordon – J Psychol, 1969
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Inhibition, Learning, Learning Theories
Galbraith, Richard C.; Underwood, Benton J. – 1973
The focus of this report was the degree of independence of memory attributes in determining performance. A demonstration experiment indicated that memory can carry an associative attribute and a frequency attribute simultaneously with little interaction between the two, that is, they were independent in their influence on performance. The…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes, Learning, Learning Theories
Lefcourt, Herbert M.; And Others – 1973
Humor displayed during the administration of a work association test containing a gradually increasing number of sexual double entendres was observed in college students through remote control TV facilities. Persons who hold an internal locus of control smiled and laughed more than externals. Humor was differentiated in three ways: superiority,…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Cognitive Development, College Students, Humor
Zivian, Marilyn T. – 1966
To examine the relationship between words that pinpoint or help to define other words, an experiment was designed which reversed the procedure used in collecting the Michigan Restricted Associated Norms. The Michigan procedure used stimulus words to elicit responses. These responses were used as clue words to determine their power to stimulate the…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, College Students, Cues, Educational Research

Zakaluk, Beverley L.; And Others – Journal of Reading, 1986
Since prior knowledge is positively linked with reading comprehension, methods of measuring prior knowledge are important. A word association test is a useful technique for evaluating topic familiarity and enables the teacher to make decisions about how much additional information is needed for students to process a text successfully. (SRT)
Descriptors: Association Measures, Associative Learning, Prior Learning, Reading Comprehension

McCabe, Ann E.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1974
Preschool children's ability to associate pairs of toys was studied under one of four experimental conditions. All three subject-involvement conditions produced better learning. (ST)
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Experiential Learning, Language Acquisition, Linguistics