Four major formulations of the relationship between sex role orientation and successful adaptation have found support in the literature: a traditional sex role, androgyny, masculinity, and androgyny for females. The adaptive implications of sex role orientation were examined on constructs reflecting intrapersonal functioning, i.e., ego identity…

This analogue study investigated the relationship between attitude similarity and expertness on perceived trustworthiness of a confederate counselor. Undergraduate students (N=51) who scored in the extreme conservative or liberal range of an attitude survey on controversial topics were randomly matched with a confederate counselor whose…

This paper considers the discord that may arise in a teacher's thinking when there is a conflict between new technical innovations and the generally accepted aims and culture of teaching itself. Teachers share common ideas about what they do and why it is valuable; there tends to be agreement about what the collectively approved actions of…

The similarity between supervisors and subordinates has been shown to influence the attitudes and behavior of both. This study examines three perspectives of similarity: (1) accuracy of perceived instrumentalities; (2) actual and perceived personal similarity of background perspective; and (3) person-environment fit. These perspectives were…

Theorists have predicted that individuals in a relationship initially follow social norms and later follow the mutually-agreed-upon norms which have evolved from the relationship. Since social norms prescribe sex-stereotyped behavior, an androgynous person may initially behave in a sex-typed way. Same-sex pairs (N=26) of undergraduates, matched on…

In a study of how race versus shared belief affected work partner choice, 91 white college students, most of them from the southern United States, participated in group discussions of topics that were relevant or irrelevant to racial prejudice. Members of each group, in addition to the one subject, were one Hispanic male, one Hispanic female, one…

This paper provides a conceptual definition and model of self-presentational behavior. Self-presentation is defined as the attempt to control self-relevant images before real or imagined others. Several aspects of the definition are discussed along with the notion that people's self-presentations represent the choice of the most desirable images…

This paper is concerned with people who contact clergymen for counseling who could benefit from the short-term directive therapeutic approach of Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) and the reluctance of clergymen to use RET. The integration of the precepts of Christianity and the concepts of RET is considered. This paper is specifically a response to…

An analysis of perceived altruism was conducted within the framework of Kelley's (1973) attributional model. In a 2 by 2 factorial design, the consistency and distinctiveness of a donor's prosocial history were manipulated. Subjects were provided with written scenarios depicting the work of a voluntary welfare organization aiding the elderly.…

Evaluates a model of student interaction with the environment that would help guide the process of program development toward greater congruence. Maps student interaction with the campus environment in a way that shows how students seek fit or congruence. (Author/ABB)

Conceptualizes job characteristics theory as a model of person-environment fit. Explores the potential costs and benefits of person-job congruence, using recent developments in the person-environment fit literature to suggest ways in which characteristics of jobs and characteristics of individuals may influence one another. Discusses implications…

Asked 118 teachers of learning disabled (LD) students to describe their school districts' criteria for identifying LD students and indicate their agreement or disagreement with the criteria. Reported criteria were characterized by variability, even within states, as were the teachers' state agreement or disagreement with them. (Author/JAC)

Analyses in this study revealed trends that bear some similarity to other coorientation research on the variables of agreement, accuracy, and congruency between individual members and their group, but the small amount of variance accounted for by time spent communicating suggests a need for measurement revisions in further research. (PD)

Investigated the degree and congruence of students' (N=58) estimated and actual information about gender traditional occupations. Results showed subjects of each sex perceived themselves as less informed about nontraditional occupations. This result was more pronounced for women. Additionally, men and women did not differ in actual knowledge.…

Investigated the degree to which children's (N=2,065) racial attitudes were related to their parents' racial attitudes. Results showed that children's attitudes were positively associated with parents' attitudes regardless of the parent's sex or child's age. Beginning at about age 12, girls' attitudes became more liberal and boys' attitudes more…