This occasional paper reflects on issues raised during a seminar called "Teachers for the 1990s and Beyond," and deals with teaching and learning in schools where multiple languages are spoken by students. Central to the seminar was the recognition of the growing numbers of language minority English learners (LMELs) in schools where…

International High School, New York (New York) is a secondary school for students who have been in the United States less than 4 years and who score below the 20th percentile on an English language proficiency test. The 310 students of 1988 came from 37 nations, and spoke 32 languages. An evaluation conducted in the 1991-92 school year indicates…

A study compared the perceptions of two experts from different cultural backgrounds concerning salience of a variety of errors typical of the English written by Hong Kong secondary and college students. A book on English error types written by a Hong-Kong born, fluent Chinese-English bilingual linguist was analyzed for its emphases, and a list of…

A study investigated the emerging journal-writing skills of 16 monolingual Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans and 10 monolingual English-speaking first-graders in San Diego County, California, in a whole-language, two-way bilingual classroom. The research looked for developmental stages in writing in the primary language, similarities or…

Seven original research papers are presented. The titles and authors are as follows: "Acquisition of the Argument-Structure of Verbs" (Mika Endo); "A Note on Semantic Selection" (Yoshio Endo); "The Governing Category Parameter in Second Language" (Makiko Hirakawa); "The Use of Connectives in English Academic…

A study investigated the use of varied reading materials to improve French second-language reading skills, found to be unacceptably low at the second-year level. Subjects were 30 high school students of second-year French. A pretest of reading skills and a language and reading attitude survey were administered to the students. Subsequently, a…

A discussion of factors that influence English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) learning by native speakers of Chinese focuses on three specific factors (cognitive style, individual differences, and native language interference), and offers classroom solutions. The effect of each of the three factors on ESL comprehension and production is considered,…

An ongoing four-year ethnographic study of two cohorts of English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) learners enrolled in mainstream Canadian primary school classrooms is described. The two cohorts are: (1) a group of six children observed from the beginning of kindergarten through the end of grade 2, and (2) five children observed from early kindergarten…

Ten research papers are presented that were commissioned by the Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs for the 1990 research symposium on issues related to Limited-English-Proficient (LEP) students. Responses from 20 practitioners who served as discussants at the symposium are included in the proceedings. Topics range from…

This report synthesizes knowledge and instructional practices appropriate for effective instruction in classrooms comprised of students from three or more linguistic backgrounds. It specifically targets beginning teachers in Arizona, California, and Nevada schools where numbers of ethnically, culturally, and linguistically diverse students have…

This guide, designed for British modern language teachers, explores the potential of informational technology (IT) to help educators meet the objectives of the National Curriculum. An introductory chapter discusses the role of IT as specified in the curriculum, including both instruction in use of IT and use of IT to enhance classroom instruction.…

This collection of six papers consists of works in progress undertaken by students and faculty of the University of Pennsylvania's Language in Education Division of the Graduate School of Education. The papers are: (1) "Language Planning and Identity Planning: An Emergent Understanding" (Rebecca Freeman); (2) "Communicative…

The framework presented here is intended to provide general guidance in the design of curricula for teaching introductory Japanese to English-speaking students at the high school and college levels. It is not a course syllabus or statement of specific instructional outcomes. It has three purposes: (1) to assist Japanese language teachers in…

This selection of essays on journal writing in education looks at the relationship between journal writing and the curriculum, classroom approaches, and implications for students' learning. The focus is on journal writing for deaf students and students of English as a Second Language. Essays include the following: "The Dialogue Journal:…

In 1989, the number of persons in the United States who spoke languages other than English at home was at an all-time high. This number has increased rapidly in recent years as immigration flows have brought in new residents who are native speakers of other languages. To accommodate persons who speak languages other than English, changes are being…