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Phillips, Kenneth L. – 1989
The high percentage of students who have difficulty in solving free-response problems related to the mole concept was addressed by implementation of reading skill strategies and computer assisted instruction. Frayer models, semantic mapping, and graphic organizers from Reading in the Content Area (RICA) were used to increase student understanding…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Chemistry, Computer Assisted Instruction, Computer Uses in Education
Houston, Walter M. – 1988
Two methods of using collateral information from similar institutions to predict college freshman grade average were investigated. One central prediction model, referred to as pooled least squares with adjusted intercepts, assumes that slopes and residual variances are homogeneous across selected colleges. The second model, referred to as Bayesian…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, College Freshmen, Colleges, Comparative Analysis
Bernstein, Lawrence – 1990
Limitations of using linear, unilevel regression procedures in modeling student achievement are discussed. This study is a part of a broader study that is developing an empirically-based predictive model of variables associated with academic achievement from a multilevel perspective and examining the differences by which parameters are estimated…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Educational Policy, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students
Stuck, Ivan A. – 1990
Predictor weights estimated by using multiple linear regression are biased when there is restriction in the range (RR) of the dependent variable. Standardized multiple regression yields partial correlations as weights for the predictors, and these can be corrected for range difference between calibration and application samples. However,…
Descriptors: Admission Criteria, Cohort Analysis, College Applicants, College Entrance Examinations
Paulson, James A. – 1986
This paper reports on a project which has developed the general latent class model as a framework for representation of item responses. This framework can be used to represent data in applications such as mastery tests and other kinds of achievement tests, where there is reason to believe that current foundations are deficient. Methods of…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Algorithms, Diagnostic Tests, Estimation (Mathematics)
Lee, Valerie E. – 1986
Hierarchical linear modeling allowed the indentification of specific school characteristics and policies which help explain the relationship between social class and minority status with mathematics achievement, the relationship between social class and minority status with mathematics course enrollment, and school means for achievement and for…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Attribution Theory, Bayesian Statistics, Catholic Schools
Rodgers, Willard L.; Bachman, Jerald G. – 1986
This paper explores various procedures of panel data in the estimation of causal models. The reported analyses are from the Monitoring the Future study, a nationwide questionnaire survey of 16,000 to 17,000 high school seniors conducted annually since 1975. First, the parameters of causal models are estimated in which the dependent variables are…
Descriptors: Attitude Measures, Attribution Theory, Comparative Analysis, Drug Use
Sandler, Andrew B. – 1987
Statistical significance is misused in educational and psychological research when it is applied as a method to establish the reliability of research results. Other techniques have been developed which can be correctly utilized to establish the generalizability of findings. Methods that do provide such estimates are known as invariance or…
Descriptors: Analysis of Covariance, Analysis of Variance, Correlation, Discriminant Analysis
Hummel, Thomas J.; Johnston, Charles B. – 1986
This study investigated seven methods for analyzing multivariate group differences. Bonferroni t statistics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and five other methods were studied using Monte Carlo methods. Methods were compared with respect to (1) experimentwise error rate; (2) power; (3) number…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Comparative Analysis, Correlation, Differences
Silva, Sharron J. – 1985
Test item selection techniques based on traditional item analysis methods were compared to techniques based on item response theory. The consistency of mastery classifications in criterion referenced reading tests was examined. Pretest and posttest data were available for 945 first and second grade students and for 1796 fourth to sixth grade…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Comparative Testing, Criterion Referenced Tests, Elementary Education
Wegner, Toni Giuliano; Ree, Malcolm James – 1985
In the late 1970s, the Department of Defense requested that the reference population for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) be changed and updated to reflect the current youth population. Analyses of new data collected in 1980 indicated that speeded subtest scores of the new sample were atypically low and that the sample might…
Descriptors: Adults, Answer Sheets, Armed Forces, Data Analysis
Gustafsson, Jan-Eric – 1977
The Rasch model for test analysis is described and compared with two-parameter and three-parameter latent-trait models. Conditional maximum likelihood equations for estimating item parameters are derived, and estimates of person parameters are described together with their confidence intervals. Goodness of fit tests are discussed, including a…
Descriptors: Adaptive Testing, Computer Programs, Equated Scores, Error of Measurement
Reckase, Mark D. – 1977
Latent trait model calibration procedures were used on data obtained from a group testing program. The one-parameter model of Wright and Panchapakesan and the three-parameter logistic model of Wingersky, Wood, and Lord were selected for comparison. These models and their corresponding estimation procedures were compared, using actual and simulated…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Adaptive Testing, Aptitude Tests, Comparative Analysis
Maccia, George S.; Steiner, Elizabeth – 1977
Two types of questions may be asked in educational inquiry: educological ones--those seeking descriptions of educational events, and programmatic ones--those seeking prescriptions for educational interventions. Quantitative educology is described as consisting of three branches: the philosophy, science, and praxiology of education. The SIGGS…
Descriptors: Cybernetics, Educational Philosophy, Educational Practices, Educational Research
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Civil Service Commission, Washington, DC. Personnel Research and Development Center. – 1976
This pamphlet reprints three papers and an invited discussion of them, read at a Division 5 Symposium at the 1975 American Psychological Association Convention. The first paper describes a Bayesian tailored testing process and shows how it demonstrates the importance of using test items with high discrimination, low guessing probability, and a…
Descriptors: Adaptive Testing, Bayesian Statistics, Computer Oriented Programs, Computer Programs
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