Comparative Judgement (CJ) aims to improve the quality of performance-based assessments by letting multiple assessors judge pairs of performances. CJ is generally associated with high levels of reliability, but there is also a large variation in reliability between assessments. This study investigates which assessment characteristics influence the…

It was shown previously that observers can learn to exploit an uneven spatial distribution of singleton distractors to better shield visual search from distractors in the frequent versus the rare region (i.e., distractor location probability cueing; Sauter, Liesefeld, Zehetleitner, & Müller, 2018). However, with distractors defined in the same…

Two approaches to causal inference in the presence of non-random assignment are presented: The Propensity Score approach which pseudo-randomizes by balancing groups on observed propensity to be in treatment, and the Endogenous Treatment Effects approach which utilizes systems of equations to explicitly model selection into treatment. The three…

Purpose: In situations with a competing talker, lexical properties of words in both streams affect the recognition of words in the to-be-attended target stream. In this study, we tested whether these lexical properties also influence the type of errors made by listeners across the adult life span. Method: Errors from a corpus collected by Helfer…

Students studying statistics often misunderstand what statistics represent. Some of the most well-known misunderstandings of statistics revolve around null hypothesis significance testing. One pervasive misunderstanding is that the calculated p-value represents the probability that the null hypothesis is true, and that if p < 0.05, there is…

Random sampling and random allocation are essential processes in the practice of inferential statistics. These processes ensure that all members of a population are equally likely to be selected, and that all possible allocations in an experiment are equally likely. It is these characteristics that allow the validity of the subsequent calculations…

In learning, errors are ubiquitous and inevitable. As these errors may signal otherwise latent cognitive processes, tutors--and students alike--can greatly benefit from the information they provide. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate the Systematic Error Tracing (SET) model that identifies the possible causes of systematically observed…

Background/Context: Although dual enrollment (DE) programs have indicated positive impact on various high school and postsecondary outcomes, access to DE programs remains unequal; historically marginalized students are less likely than other students to attempt college credits in high school. Despite DE being a widely adopted program at the state…

In a signal detection theory (SDT) approach to multiple choice exams, examinees are viewed as choosing, for each item, the alternative that is perceived as being the most plausible, with perceived plausibility depending in part on whether or not an item is known. The SDT model is a process model and provides measures of item difficulty, item…

In the international literature, discussion of the impact of physical activities is mainly focused on improvements in quality of life, particularly in terms of health. However, sports can have other positive effects on individuals that may contribute to improving their academic performance. This study explores the effect of physical activities and…

The objective of this development research is to create an android application of probability theory of the same element permutation material based on RME as a learning medium, as well as to assess the quality of the apps created for utilize in learning mathematics. This research used research and development (R&D) method with the 4D…

Quantum computers are at the forefront of computing; however, few people understand how they work and their capabilities. We present two versions of an interactive activity designed for high school students (ages 13 to 18) that introduce a core quantum concept--"entanglement." The first version illustrates a simple connection between two…

Earlier studies established the role of demographic and temperamental features (DTFs) in the adaptation of childhood stuttering. However, these studies have been short on examining the latent interrelationships among DTFs and not utilizing them in predicting this disorder. This research article endeavors to examine latent interrelationships among…

Statistical modeling continues to gain prominence in the secondary curriculum, and recent recommendations to emphasize data science and computational thinking may soon position algorithmic models into the school curriculum. Many teachers' preparation for and experiences teaching statistical modeling have focused on probabilistic models.…

The formula for the variance of a binomial distribution is both concise and elegant. However, it is often taught without reference to the underlying reasoning. That being the case, is it important, or useful, to understand why this formula can be used to calculate the requisite result? In this article, the author demonstrates a teaching sequence…