The data about women students in leadership positions are summarized, as well as information about gender differences in leadership. Suggestions for ways to use this information are provided. (MLW)

Black and White undergraduate students responded to audiotaped and written stimulus situations, assessing the aggressive, assertive, and nonassertive qualities of the role plays or descriptions: Blacks were found to view certain aspects of Black assertive responding as more aggressive than did Whites. The need for attention to Black-White…

Explores the hypothesis that parenting practices of abusive mothers are characterized by (1) greater use of power-assertive strategies, (2) less flexible behavior with respect to child compliance attempts, (3) more inconsistent use of parenting techniques, and (4) diminished affective quality. (HOD)

The social impact of assertive versus nonassertive behavior in fourth- and fifth-grade boys was investigated. Subjects viewed and evaluated eight videotaped scenes of different ten-year-old male models responding assertively or nonassertively to given situations. Results suggest that assertive behavior is valued by elementary school boys. (RDN)

Examines communication apprehension, its causes, and effects. Challenges educators to develop teachers' interpersonal communication. (MD)

This digest of assertiveness training research advises principals of their professional rights and recommends assertiveness techniques for maintaining authority over manipulative staff while preserving a collegial relationship. Such techniques as broken record, fogging, negative assertion, and negative inquiry are illustrated. (MJL)

The purpose of this study was to develop and apply an experimental approach for teaching assertive behaviors in selective problematic interpersonal situations encountered by homosexuals. Results of a single-subject interrupted time-series analysis suggest that the client displayed significantly more assertive behaviors on four of the six criterion…

Assessed the impact of assertion training on college students' (N=48) drug use. Results showed the assertion training group exhibited significantly less willingness to use drugs, less drug use, and more drug refusals than a placebo discussion group. Results support the effectiveness of assertion in reducing peer pressure. (JAC)

Summarized employer (N=341) ratings of 16 assertive job-seeking behaviors in terms of whether each would enhance or diminish the applicant's chances for employment. Some behaviors are clearly adaptive; others may be self-defeating. The applicant's sex proved irrelevant. Company size influenced the employment potential of five assertive behaviors.…

Male (N=24) and female (N=24) college students at two southern universities role-played situations requiring them to either make or refuse a request. Results indicated that population differences exerted some influence on assertive behavior but sex differences did not. (RC)

Described the development and evaluation of a measure of cognitive belief systems and thinking styles. Reliability and validity results were poor for junior college students. For university and nonstudent populations, cognition scores discriminated social anxiety. The Cognition Scale of Assertiveness is a reliable and valid measure of cognitive…

Assessed the effectiveness of covert modification procedures in an assertion training program. All treatment groups were superior to the control in behavioral ratings of assertiveness during the posttest in those situations that had been employed previously in treatment; two were superior in those that had not been used, providing evidence of…

Studied whether women trained in management are as assertive as men with similar training and identified factors that contribute to assertive behavior. Data included measured characteristics and supervisors' job performance ratings. Results indicated that women are as assertive as men and perform equally well on the job. (Author)

A questionnaire containing objectively scored measures of migration history, educational attainment, sex-role traditionalism, assertiveness, and symptoms of mental and physical illness was completed by 278 Puerto Rican women (aged 18-55) living in New York City. As hypothesized, sex-role traditionalism correlated negatively with symptoms. (Author)

Reported a self-report measure of adolescents' assertiveness. Items for the scale were presented to sixth-grade students. Factor analysis revealed factors of submissiveness, aggressiveness, and assertiveness. After the validational study, a small assertiveness training program indicated that training effects were obtained and could be generalized…