This paper examines the development of international education-policy indicators and some conceptual and methodological issues that shape how cross-national comparisons may be made. During the late 1980s representatives of education ministries and departments of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member states…

In a review of literature on second language learning, an opinion is put forth that certain assumptions underlying the theory and the research have influenced researchers' attitudes about second language development and diminished the objectivity of the research. Furthermore the content of the research must then be examined within its…

A study examined the relationship between two kinds of language competence, linguistic and pragmatic, within the larger domain of the learner's overall competence. Specifically, it investigated whether linguistic competence is (1) necessary, and (2) sufficient for pragmatic competence. Subjects were 14 students of French at Indiana University and…

A study exploring native English-speakers' and advanced Chinese English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) learners' beliefs about how a face-threatening speech act, refusal, should be expressed is reported. The two major research questions of the study were: how native speakers of English and Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) differ in their…

This paper presents the results of a document and interview analysis focusing on the standards and frameworks materials that have been newly developed for teachers and administrators in New York to determine the fit between these guidelines and the developing sociocultural concept of curriculum as "conversation" within the domains of…

This document consists of the four issues of the "JLTN Quarterly" issued from December 1995 to October 1996. This journal for high school Japanese language teachers contain articles on class activities and classroom teaching techniques. These include: exercises in interpretation of a Toys "R" Us store map and advertising; a…

This study investigated the discourse strategies used by native speakers of Turkish in carrying out speech acts of correction and disagreement to status-unequal interlocutors. Focus was on: (1) the politeness markers preferred for softening the impact of words in face-threatening speech situations where the interlocutor corrects the mistake of an…

This study investigated possible differences in family background characteristics of 140 undergraduate students, half of whom were fraternity or sorority members, at a state university in the southeastern United States. Students were asked to complete checklists which asked if they were members of Greek-letter fraternities or sororities. Three…

A study examined adaptations made prior to or during the adoption of the Training and Visit (T&V) extension system. This system was developed in Turkey, based on the Israeli experience of the developer, and was further refined in India. It was later adopted by many countries in Southeast Asia, Africa, and other parts of the world. Experience…

This study used data on the distribution of college students by income background to analyze college choice, particularly examining how family income and college choice correlations have changed over time. The study, using data from the national American Freshmen Survey, compared results from 1993 and computed their constant dollar equivalents in…

This report presents findings on children's living arrangements as taken from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). The SIPP is unique in that it records how each person is related to everyone else in the household. Detailed information on parent-child relationships is provided, allowing identification of biological, step, foster,…

This publication is first in a series of annual updates of statistical information about young children and their families living in poverty in the United States. It builds on the report "Five Million Children: A Statistical Profile of Our Poorest Young Citizens," and incorporates information from the 1990 March Supplement to the Census…

This publication is the second in a series of annual updates of U.S. statistical data about young children (under 6 years old) and their families living in poverty. It builds on "Five Million Children: A Statistical Profile of Our Poorest Young Citizens," and incorporates new statistical data from the 1991 March Supplement to the Census…

In most schools in America little attention is paid to the nurturance of students' creative potential, with emphasis too often placed instead on rote, repetitive learning. The literature contains many suggestions for enhancing creativity in the classroom setting, such as refraining from discounting odd or unusual questions from students, finding…

This collection of essays on the family includes: "Discours d'ouverture" [Opening Speech] (L. Boeykens); "Transformer la famille, transformer l'homme et la femme, transformer la societe" [Transform the Family, Transform the Man and the Woman, Transform Society] (H. Sokalski); and "Vers un nouveau contrat social. Le role des femmes dans la famille"…