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Gardner, Josh; Brooks, Christopher – Journal of Learning Analytics, 2018
Model evaluation -- the process of making inferences about the performance of predictive models -- is a critical component of predictive modelling research in learning analytics. We survey the state of the practice with respect to model evaluation in learning analytics, which overwhelmingly uses only naïve methods for model evaluation or…
Descriptors: Prediction, Models, Evaluation, Evaluation Methods
Beck, Melanie Renee – ProQuest LLC, 2018
The large flood of data flowing from observatories presents significant challenges to astronomy and cosmology--challenges that will only be magnified by projects currently under development. Growth in both volume and velocity of astrophysics data is accelerating: whereas the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has produced 60 terabytes of data in the…
Descriptors: Classification, Astronomy, Physics, Measurement
Norouzian, Reza – ProQuest LLC, 2018
This dissertation consists of three manuscripts. The manuscripts contribute to a budding "methodological reform" currently taking place in quantitative second-language (L2) research. In the first manuscript, the researcher describes an empirical investigation on the application of two well-known effect size estimators, eta-squared (eta…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Second Language Learning, Language Research, Periodicals
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Luo, Yong; Dimitrov, Dimiter M. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2019
Plausible values can be used to either estimate population-level statistics or compute point estimates of latent variables. While it is well known that five plausible values are usually sufficient for accurate estimation of population-level statistics in large-scale surveys, the minimum number of plausible values needed to obtain accurate latent…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Monte Carlo Methods, Markov Processes, Outcome Measures
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Kim, Mi-Ok; Wang, Xia; Liu, Chunyan; Dorris, Kathleen; Fouladi, Maryam; Song, Seongho – Research Synthesis Methods, 2017
Phase I trials aim to establish appropriate clinical and statistical parameters to guide future clinical trials. With individual trials typically underpowered, systematic reviews and meta-analysis are desired to assess the totality of evidence. A high percentage of zero or missing outcomes often complicate such efforts. We use a systematic review…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Synthesis, Literature Reviews, Pediatrics
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Du, Yu; McMillan, Neil; Madan, Christopher R.; Spetch, Marcia L.; Mou, Weimin – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
The authors investigated how humans use multiple landmarks to locate a goal. Participants searched for a hidden goal location along a line between 2 distinct landmarks on a computer screen. On baseline trials, the location of the landmarks and goal varied, but the distance between each of the landmarks and the goal was held constant, with 1…
Descriptors: Cues, Spatial Ability, Memory, Bayesian Statistics
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Henman, Paul; Brown, Scott D.; Dennis, Simon – Australian Universities' Review, 2017
In 2015, the Australian Government's Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) assessment of research quality declined to rate 1.5 per cent of submissions from universities. The public debate focused on practices of gaming or "coding errors" within university submissions as the reason for this outcome. The issue was about the…
Descriptors: Rating Scales, Foreign Countries, Universities, Achievement Rating
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Guerra-Peña, Kiero; Steinley, Douglas – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2016
Growth mixture modeling is generally used for two purposes: (1) to identify mixtures of normal subgroups and (2) to approximate oddly shaped distributions by a mixture of normal components. Often in applied research this methodology is applied to both of these situations indistinctly: using the same fit statistics and likelihood ratio tests. This…
Descriptors: Growth Models, Bayesian Statistics, Sampling, Statistical Inference
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Lu, Hongjing; Rojas, Randall R.; Beckers, Tom; Yuille, Alan L. – Cognitive Science, 2016
Two key research issues in the field of causal learning are how people acquire causal knowledge when observing data that are presented sequentially, and the level of abstraction at which learning takes place. Does sequential causal learning solely involve the acquisition of specific cause-effect links, or do learners also acquire knowledge about…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Causal Models, Sequential Learning, Abstract Reasoning
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Cassey, Peter; Hawkins, Guy E.; Donkin, Chris; Brown, Scott D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Reasoning and inference are well-studied aspects of basic cognition that have been explained as statistically optimal Bayesian inference. Using a simplified experimental design, we conducted quantitative comparisons between Bayesian inference and human inference at the level of individuals. In 3 experiments, with more than 13,000 participants, we…
Descriptors: Experiments, Inferences, Bayesian Statistics, Probability
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Dombrowski, Stefan C.; Golay, Philippe; McGill, Ryan J.; Canivez, Gary L. – Psychology in the Schools, 2018
Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) was used to investigate the latent structure of the Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition core battery using the standardization sample normative data for ages 7-17. Results revealed plausibility of a three-factor model, consistent with publisher theory, expressed as either a higher-order (HO) or a…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Bayesian Statistics, Factor Analysis, Aptitude Tests
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Blokpoel, Mark; Wareham, Todd; Haselager, Pim; Toni, Ivan; van Rooij, Iris – Journal of Problem Solving, 2018
The ability to generate novel hypotheses is an important problem-solving capacity of humans. This ability is vital for making sense of the complex and unfamiliar world we live in. Often, this capacity is characterized as an inference to the best explanation--selecting the "best" explanation from a given set of candidate hypotheses.…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Logical Thinking, Inferences, Computation
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Pettersson, Kerstin; Svedin, Maria; Scheja, Max; Bälter, Olle – Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education Research, 2018
This combined interview and survey study explored the relationship between interview data and data from an inventory describing engineering students' ratings of their approaches to studying. Using the 18-item Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) students were asked to rate their approaches to studying in relation to…
Descriptors: Engineering Education, Comparative Analysis, Interviews, Scores
Hicks, Tyler; Rodríguez-Campos, Liliana; Choi, Jeong Hoon – American Journal of Evaluation, 2018
To begin statistical analysis, Bayesians quantify their confidence in modeling hypotheses with priors. A prior describes the probability of a certain modeling hypothesis apart from the data. Bayesians should be able to defend their choice of prior to a skeptical audience. Collaboration between evaluators and stakeholders could make their choices…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Evaluation Methods, Statistical Analysis, Hypothesis Testing
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Ames, Allison; Smith, Elizabeth – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2018
Bayesian methods incorporate model parameter information prior to data collection. Eliciting information from content experts is an option, but has seen little implementation in Bayesian item response theory (IRT) modeling. This study aims to use ethical reasoning content experts to elicit prior information and incorporate this information into…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Bayesian Statistics, Ethics, Specialists
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