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Showing 631 to 645 of 1,716 results Save | Export
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Hollich, George; Golinkoff, Roberta M.; Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy – Developmental Psychology, 2007
How do children learn associations between novel words and complex perceptual displays? Using a visual preference procedure, the authors tested 12- and 19-month-olds to see whether the infants would associate a novel word with a complex 2-part object or with either of that object's parts, both of which were potentially objects in their own right…
Descriptors: Infants, Experiments, Associative Learning
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Topolinski, Sascha; Strack, Fritz – Journal of Memory and Language, 2008
It is broadly agreed that the processing of a word triad with a common remote associate (coherent triad) leads to its partial activation, which is the process underlying intuitive coherence judgments. The present studies demonstrate that this process not only is independent of the intention to find the common associate (CA), but rather may be…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Semantics, Semiotics, Language Processing
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Tsui, David; van der Kooy, Derek – Learning & Memory, 2008
We utilized olfactory-mediated chemotaxis in "Caenorhabditis elegans" to examine the effect of aging on information processing and animal behavior. Wild-type (N2) young adults (day 4) initially approach and eventually avoid a point source of benzaldehyde. Aged adult animals (day 7) showed a stronger initial approach and a delayed avoidance to…
Descriptors: Animals, Associative Learning, Animal Behavior, Age Differences
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Dymond, Simon; Roche, Bryan – Behavior Analyst, 2009
Despite the central status of avoidance in explaining the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders, surprisingly little behavioral research has been conducted on human avoidance. In the present paper, first we provide a brief review of the empirical literature on avoidance. Next, we describe the implications of research on derived relational…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Etiology, Anxiety, Psychological Patterns
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Baker, Rachel E.; Bradlow, Ann R. – Language and Speech, 2009
This article examines how probability (lexical frequency and previous mention), speech style, and prosody affect word duration, and how these factors interact. Participants read controlled materials in clear and plain speech styles. As expected, more probable words (higher frequencies and second mentions) were significantly shorter than less…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Articulation (Speech), Probability, Reading Aloud to Others
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Proctor, Robert W.; Yamaguchi, Motonori; Zhang, Yanmin; Vu, Kim-Phuong L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
Associations between corresponding stimulus-response locations are often characterized as over learned, producing automatic activation. However, 84 practice trials with an incompatible mapping eliminate the benefit for spatial correspondence in a transfer Simon task, where stimulus location is irrelevant. The authors examined whether transfer…
Descriptors: Semantics, Attention Control, Reaction TIme, Spatial Ability
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Fazl, Arash; Grossberg, Stephen; Mingolla, Ennio – Cognitive Psychology, 2009
How does the brain learn to recognize an object from multiple viewpoints while scanning a scene with eye movements? How does the brain avoid the problem of erroneously classifying parts of different objects together? How are attention and eye movements intelligently coordinated to facilitate object learning? A neural model provides a unified…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Eye Movements, Earth Science, Associative Learning
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Ellis, Nick C.; Sagarra, Nuria – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2011
This study investigates associative learning explanations of the limited attainment of adult compared to child language acquisition in terms of learned attention to cues. It replicates and extends Ellis and Sagarra (2010) in demonstrating short- and long-term learned attention in the acquisition of temporal reference in Latin. In Experiment 1,…
Descriptors: Cues, Form Classes (Languages), Morphology (Languages), Child Language
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Mihov, Yoan; Mayer, Simon; Musshoff, Frank; Maier, Wolfgang; Kendrick, Keith M.; Hurlemann, Rene – Neuropsychologia, 2010
Adaptive behavior in dynamic environments critically depends on the ability to learn rapidly and flexibly from the outcomes of prior choices. In social environments, facial expressions of emotion often serve as performance feedback and thereby guide declarative learning. Abundant evidence implicates beta-noradrenergic signaling in the modulatory…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Adjustment (to Environment), Emotional Development, Social Development
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Epstein, Leonard H.; Temple, Jennifer L.; Roemmich, James N.; Bouton, Mark E. – Psychological Review, 2009
Research has shown that animals and humans habituate on a variety of behavioral and physiological responses to repeated presentations of food cues, and habituation is related to amount of food consumed and cessation of eating. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of experimental paradigms used to study habituation, integrate a…
Descriptors: Habituation, Models, Food, Memory
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Loft, Shayne; Neal, Andrew; Humphreys, Michael S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2007
Current theory assumes that individuals only use information from the immediate environment to perform relative arrival-time judgment tasks. This article presents a theoretical analysis of the memory requirements of this task. The authors present an analysis of the inputs to the memory system and the processes that map those inputs onto outputs.…
Descriptors: Memory, Associative Learning, Prediction, Experiments
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Buehner, Marc J.; May, Jon – Journal of Problem Solving, 2009
Contemporary theories of Human Causal Induction assume that causal knowledge is inferred from observable contingencies. While this assumption is well supported by empirical results, it fails to consider an important problem-solving aspect of causal induction in real time: In the absence of well structured learning trials, it is not clear whether…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Problem Solving, Logical Thinking, Time
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Grant, Douglas S. – Learning and Motivation, 2009
To test the hypothesis that pigeons will only code the more salient sample when samples differ markedly in salience, pigeons were trained with samples consisting of a 2-s presentation of food (highly salient sample) and an 8-s presentation of keylight (less salient sample). During retention testing, pigeons tended to respond at longer delays as if…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Animals, Animal Behavior, Experiments
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Williams, Douglas A.; Chubala, Chrissy M.; Mather, Amber A.; Johns, Kenneth W. – Learning and Motivation, 2009
Appetitive contextual excitation supported by intertrial unconditioned stimuli was more easily overcome by timed conditioned responding in rats using quiet (Experiment 1) rather than noisy (Experiment 2) food pellet deliveries. Head-entry responding in acquisition peaked above the contextual baseline when pellet delivery occurred 10, 30, 60, or 90…
Descriptors: Cues, Intervals, Reaction Time, Food
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Shing, Yee Lee; Werkle-Bergner, Markus; Li, Shu-Chen; Lindenberger, Ulman – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2008
The authors investigated the strategic component (i.e., elaboration and organization of episodic features) and the associative component (i.e., binding processes) of episodic memory and their interactions in 4 age groups (10-12, 13-15, 20-25, and 70-75 years of age). On the basis of behavioral and neural evidence, the authors hypothesized that the…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Recognition (Psychology), Recall (Psychology), Memorization
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