Of three methods (free recall, verbally prompted recall, and visually prompted recall) for eliciting understanding of a folk tale by 35 adolescents with intellectual disability, none proved significantly better in eliciting story understanding. All measures correlated with short-term memory, suggesting that subjects' difficulty encoding stories…

Reviews three areas of limitations in the comparative evaluations of early intervention alternatives for disabled children presented in this volume: (1) inaccurate outcomes measures; (2) a misconception of parent training programs as representing true family involvement; (3) and the lack of control over the integrity of treatment given study…

Meta-analysis of 143 effect sizes in 43 studies of adventure programming for adolescents found an overall effect size of 0.31. Summary effect sizes of outcome categories differed significantly among categories, however. Effect size was related to program length and participant age but not to delinquent status. Discusses the lack of pertinent…

Examines role of longitudinal data in diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of internalizing disorders in children and adolescents. Suggests that internalizing disorders in children and adolescents are highly prevalent, frequently comorbid with other childhood disorders, and persistent over time. Adds that considerable amount of instability…

Responds to an article in the same journal on the rhetoric of whole language. Challenges issues of representation, motives involved, and the small unrepresentative sample involved. Discusses the rhetoric of camouflage. (SR)

Responds to an article in the same journal on the rhetoric of whole language. Shows how the authors of that article fail to do what they set out to do from their own perspective. Discusses choice of sources, treating the language seriously, and language without substance. Shows how those authors judge whole language not by its own principles but…

Responds to three articles (in the same journal) which responded to an article by these authors on the rhetoric of whole language. Discusses the nature of professional discourse. (SR)

This commentary focuses on the application of D. Rogosa and G. Ghandour's work to observational research on classroom processes. Rogosa and Ghandour have shown that the short length of an observation is typically the dominant source of error. Investigators should conduct observations for as long as possible. (SLD)

The author recounts his experiences investigating alleged fraud by Cyril Burt (1976) in his work on the genetic foundations of human intelligence. The evidence fails to prove Burt guilty, and his assertions about the genetic factors of individual differences in intelligence are finding corroboration in contemporary psychology. (SLD)

Observes lower numbers of ethnic and cultural studies, despite growing need. Argues for appropriate, affirmative action to increase number of rural sociological studies. Sees "ray of hope" in 1990 meeting of Rural Sociological Society. Suggests more training, scholarships, monographs, research, and fellowships for researchers interested…

Comments on preceding articles include "Studies of the Hexagonal Model" (Holland, Gottfredson); "Structure of Occupations" (Dawis); "Is Holland's Theory Worthy of So Much Attention?" (Schwartz); "Does Enough Evidence Exist to Modify Holland's Theory?" (Hansen); "Research and Application Using Holland's…

The second approach used by L. V. Hedges and L. Friedman (1993) in their reanalysis of Feingold's earlier results is conceptually equivalent and yields results consistent with the original interpretation. The first method yields results that are discrepant. Analyses of variations in tail effect sizes are planned. (SLD)

Feingold's reply illustrates that his steps in characterizing tail effect sizes are not the calculations the authors had imagined. Attempting to reproduce Feingold's calculations, the authors still often find themselves in disagreement with interpretations Feingold has placed in his table. (SLD)

The interviewer's role in gaining access to an elite respondent through a gatekeeper was studied, with a focus on interviewer characteristics that lead to success in achieving interviews. Data from a national survey of 2,451 physicians indicate the importance of interviewer experience in bypassing gatekeepers. (SLD)

Results of a reanalysis of previously published data (B. M. Byrne, 1989) support the correlated uniqueness model, diagnostic tests of the validity of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multitrait multimethod (MTMM) solutions, inclusion of external validity in MTMM design, and application of factorial invariance to test stability of CFA-MTMM…