THE BEHAVIORAL NORMS OF LOWER CLASS DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN ARE DIFFERENT FROM CHILDREN IN MORE MIDDLE CLASS GROUPS. THE BEHAVIOR OF LOWER CLASS CHILDREN IS INFLUENCED NOT ONLY BY GENERAL SOCIAL CLASS AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND BUT ALSO BY SUCH SPECIFIC INTRACLASS VARIABLES AS FAMILY ENVIRONMENT. THE PRESENT ABSENCE IN THE LITERATURE AND IN PRACTICE…

TWO EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO MEASURE INTERACTION EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN COLLEGE STUDENTS (MEASURED BY ATTITUDE, INTEREST, AND ABILITY TESTS), AND PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION VARIABLES (RESPONSE MODE, FEEDBACK, AND PREFERENCE FOR RESPONSE MODE). IN EXPERIMENT I, SUBJECTS NUMBERED OVER 350 COLLEGE FRESHMEN ENROLLED IN TWO SECTIONS OF…

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE TO DEVELOP A PROGRAM OF CLASSROOM SIMULATION FOR THE PRESERVICE EDUCATION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AND TO CONDUCT A TEST OF THAT PROGRAM. A SINGLE SIXTH-GRADE CLASSROOM WAS SIMULATED THROUGH THE USE OF FILMS AND PRINTED MATERIALS. A TEST GROUP OF 40 STUDENTS, DIVIDED INTO 4 GROUPS, WAS PRESENTED WITH 60…

This paper reports research aimed at understanding how teachers use innovations and suggests that the intentions of teachers, explored through forms of self-report, are an important clue. Eight teachers in three English comprehensive schools participated in a study of their use of the United Kingdom Schools Council Integrated Science Project…

Problems of obtaining a representative sample for a national survey are discussed, and the experiences of Educational Testing Service are used as examples of some methods used to cope with these problems. It is suggested that researchers: (1) capitalize on some existing program; (2) establish in the minds of the possible examinees and the possible…

Students' reactions to preliminary Ph.D. examinations are investigated in this study examining responses to stress and techniques of adaptation. The applications of stress in a social science context are discussed and elements of successful social adaptation are examined. A study of 20 graduate students taking departmental written examinations…

Ninety children were administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) with the standardized administration, as well as an elicited word response task of the PPVT Stimulus Plates. The subjects were inner city black (BIC), inner city white (WIC), and middle class white (WMC) children. The data were analyzed to determine consistency of item…

THE PROCESSES OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMING OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARE EXAMINED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERANT CONDITIONING, WHICH IS THE BASIS OF PROGRAMING TECHNIQUES. DISCUSSION OF FORMAL REPERTOIRES COVERS THE USE OF SUCH CONDITIONING METHODS AS DISCRIMINATION LEARNING AND TRANSFER, STIMULUS GENERALIZATION, RESPONSE GENERALIZATION, AND…

INFORMATION ON THE BACKGROUND AND ATTITUDES OF AN EXPERIMENTAL GROUP OF 191 HIGH-POTENTIAL, LOW-ACHIEVING 10TH-GRADE STUDENTS WAS SUPPLIED TO THEIR TEACHERS TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THIS INFORMATION ON THE STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE. TEACHERS OF STUDENTS (114) IN A QUASI-CONTROL GROUP WERE INFORMED THAT THEIR PUPILS HAD TESTED AS UNDERACHIEVERS, BUT…

This is a progress report on research conducted (1) to consider the methodological issues of response set and multidimensionality, which might lead to a refinement of the Test Anxiety Scale for Children (TASC) and the Defensiveness Scale for Children and (2) to investigate social background and school achievement correlates of test anxiety and…

The use of group approval as a social reinforcer and related methods in group presentation of programed instruction were investigated in a series of studies. The efficacy of programed instructional materials is frequently limited by their inability to command and maintain adequate attention and motivation. To consider social reinforcement effects…

The basic hypotheses were (1) children with detailed exposure to objects would increase in knowledge of the complexity of objects but would also exhibit a corresponding increase in object-picture discrepancy, (2) children exposed only to pictures would show minimal object-picture discrepancy but would exhibit a lower response repertoire, and (3)…

This paper reviews previous research and describes a study about the use of psychophysiological indicators (skin conductance response--SCR and heart rate--HR) to measure people's reactions to violence. The review of research describes attempts to gauge the association between people's attitudes, personality, and physiological responses when they…

The results obtained by three test administration modes were examined with a focus upon systematic bias due to lack of standardization of test administration procedures. The My Class Inventory was administered to ninety classrooms of fifth grade students in a large suburban school district. The 45 items on the inventory are distributed over five…

This paper characterizes appropriate content for drill activity, gives various cognitive levels of drill exercises, and provides ways in which to measure and report students' progress on drill activities. Drill is a method of teaching that utilizes repetition to assist students in acquiring new skills and refining existing skills. The success of…