Marascuilo and Levin's (1970) notion of Type IV errors is extended, with respect to the interpretation of interactions in analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs. To help clarity what an interaction is and what it is not, in terms of the ANOVA model, the following points are made: (i) interactions should be thought of as linear contrasts involving…

An attempt is made to indicate why the concept of "true score" naturally leads to the belief that test validity must increase with an increase in test and/or average item reliability, and why this is correct for the classical single-factor model first introduced by Spearman. The statistical model used by Loevinger is introduced to…

We concern ourselves with the hypothesis that two variables have a perfect disattenuated correlation, hence measure the same trait except for errors of measurement. This hypothesis is equivalent to saying, within the adopted model, that true scores of two psychological tests satisfy a linear relation. Statistical tests of this hypothesis are…

Literature in the area of measurement of comprehensibility is reviewed as it relates to the utilization of mathematical models for English. A number of mathematical language models are presented and explained, and evidence of their usefulness is given where available. In nonmathematical research, studies concerned with measurement of letter…

The transfer of information through space and time in communication systems is often accompanied by significant delays which give rise to meaningful storage problems. Mathematical models have been developed for the study of these kinds of problems which are applicable to the design of manual, library-type, or mechanized information storage and…

Unemployment and inflation pose a trade-off problem with one being employed at the expense of the other, seriously hampering efforts to deal effectively with poverty, crime, pollution, and other domestic problems. When unemployment is high, real income is relatively low so the nation feels that it cannot afford measures to solve these questions.…

This project was concerned with the development of mathematical models of elementary mathematics learning and performance. Probabilistic finite automata and register machines with a finite number of registers were developed as models and extensively tested with data arising from the elementary-mathematics strand curriculum developed by the…

Since 1972 the national percentage of tenured faculty has risen from 43 to 60 percent, and from 23 to 52 percent at York College of Pennsylvania. The tenure policy has been debated there and nationally, and the college has changed its policy almost annually. This study first established an analytic faculty profile to determine the parameters for a…

Several activities consistent with the error analysis method of teaching measurement are described. These activities illustrate the method which is then discussed in some detail. (SD)

The present study examined and evaluated the application of linear policy-capturing models to the real-world decision task of graduate admissions. Utility of the policy-capturing models was great enough to be of practical significance, and least-squares weights showed no predictive advantage over equal weights. (Author/CTM)

Textbook calculations of statistical power or sample size follow from formulas that assume that the variables under consideration are measured without error. However, in the real world of behavioral research, errors of measurement cannot be neglected. The determination of sample size is discussed, and an example illustrates blocking strategy.…

A mathematical model is developed for making population projections at five-year intervals from 1975 to 2000. The model starts with 1970 population figures, broken down by age and sex, and incorporates the change factors of birth, death, immigration, and emigration. A computer program is included along with projection outputs. (MN)

Four experiments examined the extent to which the componential method of analogical reasoning, developed by R. J. Sternberg, could be used to investigate the cognitive processes of subjects with both above- and below-average intelligence. (Author/LMO)

Two models of library circulation, the Markov model and the mixed Poisson Model, are applied to circulation statistics from the University of Saskatchewan. Goodness-of-fit tests indicate that neither model fits the data; in both cases, the set of noncirculating items is larger than that predicted by the model. (Author/LRW)

An article was published in the December 1985 issue of this journal that used LISREL to investigate the relationship between family medicine residents' moral reasoning and their clinical performance (Sheehan). The data from that study are reanalyzed to illustrate the importance of considering alternative structural equation models in evaluation…