The only real constant in the Montessori method is the materials which are crafted in Europe and involve the tactile sense. Part of a longer special report available from: Grade Teacher Reprints, 23 Leroy Ave., Darien, Conn. 06820. (No. 91291, 75J). (Author/AP)

Examines differences in teaching adults as compared to younger learners. Discusses variations in background and expectations, reasons for taking courses, applying what is learned, fears of not fitting into school settings, and fears of not achieving. (CT)

The humor element as a reinforcing tool was examined. Experimental group subjects selecting nouns were shown humorous cartoons. Non-noun selection was followed by a humorless cartoon. Results indicated that humor significantly facilitated intentional learning for the low-creative experimental group. (Author/BEF)

Outlines environmental factors associated with early reading, and describes an environmental framework which is conducive to learning to read. (CM)

An imaginative teacher should encourage students to view history as a process in which they act a part, rather than concentrate on teaching them dead facts. (MB)

Interviews with Maori people aged 18-25 revealed schooling experiences characterized by low teacher expectations and indifference, varied reasons for participation in adult education, and preferences for particular learning environments. (SK)

Responses from 83 of 120 British midwives showed that motivation for continuing education was strongest in regard to professional competence and innate desire for knowledge, less in regard to legal requirements for practice. Strongest motivators were internal and learning related. Social integration was the least important aspect of continuing…

Tests a model of motivation and achievement with data from 50 teachers and 806 Grade 4-6 students in Taiwan. Autonomy as a construct was shown to have ecological validity in Chinese children. The proposed model fit the data well, showing that maternal involvement and autonomy support, as well as teachers' autonomy support, are important for…

Presents a model of instructional games and learning that elaborates key features of games that are of interest from an instructional perspective; the game cycle of user judgments, behavior, and feedback; and types of learning outcomes that can be achieved. Discusses implications for the design and implementation of effective instructional games.…

Despite the interest that second-language students show for learning a foreign language, many of them do not possess the motivation to conclude successfully their course of foreign language study. In the search of an explanation for this apparent contradiction, the concepts of "interest" and "motivation" must be re-defined. (AP)

Vocational rehabilitation clients face the common challenges of adult life complicated by their disabilities. Their learning needs should be addressed by competent rehabilitation counselors aware of adult education principles and by adult educators aware that the client's motivation for learning is the goal of getting or keeping a job. (SK)

Significant differences in reasons for enrollment and 4 family support elements emerged in survey responses from 88 of 110 African Americans in adult basic education (47 of whom were persisters). Persisters were more likely to be preparing for jobs. Family attitudes, financial support, and career motivations were major factors in persistence. (SK)

Provides suggestions and examples for self-training on use of the Web. Focuses on three questions about guidance, motivation and Web training: (1) "Is this class right for me?"; (2) "Now that I'm here, what do I do?"; (3) "What motivates me now and keeps me coming back later?" (AEF)