This study explored science-related variables that have an impact on the prediction of science achievement groups by applying the educational data mining (EDM) method of the random forest analysis to extract factors associated with students categorized in three different achievement groups (high, moderate, and low) in the Korean data from the 2015…

Past research has documented the relevance principals have for school improvement. However, how principals lead schools is dependent on institutional context. Furthermore, an international comparison of leadership might be susceptible to bias because the majority of leadership research is from Anglophone countries. The goal of the paper was to…

Learning progressions (LPs) are novel models for the development of assessments in science education, that often use a scale to categorize students' levels of reasoning. Pictorial representations are important in chemistry teaching and learning, and also in LPs, but the differences between pictorial and verbal items in chemistry LPs is unclear. In…

This study describes the development of a special education teacher observation protocol detailing the elements of effective decoding instruction. The psychometric properties of the protocol were investigated through many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM). Video observations of classroom decoding instruction from 20 special education teachers across…

Assessment is a key lever for educational improvement. Assessments can be used to monitor, signal, and influence science teaching and learning -- provided that they are of high quality, reflect the rigor and intent of academic standards, and elicit meaningful student performances. Since the release of "A Framework for K-12 Science…

Since its introduction in the late 1990s, the unskilled and unaware effect motivated several further studies. As it stands, low-performing students are assumed to provide inaccurate and overconfident performance judgments. However, as research with second-order judgments (SOJs) indicates, they apparently have some metacognitive awareness of this.…

This study tested the applicability of the theoretical Examination for Candidates of Driving License (ECODL) in Turkey as a computerized adaptive test (CAT). Firstly, various simulation conditions were tested for the live CAT through an item response theory-based calibrated item bank. The application of the simulated CAT was based on data from…

Evidence shows that students who are actively engaged with learning materials demonstrate greater learning gains than those who are passively engaged. Indeed, cognitive engagement is often cited as a critical component of an educational experience. However, understanding how and in what ways cognitive engagement occurs remains a challenge for…

The Bullying and Cyberbullying Behaviors Questionnaire--Short Form (BCBQ-SF) allows students to report their victimization and bullying behaviors. The questionnaire was completed by 1,003 middle school students (6th-9th grade; M[subscript age] = 12.78, SD = 1.43). Factor analyses supported an integrated two-factor structure with acceptable…

In this article, we discuss the development and the administration of a multiple-choice test, which we named "Test of Calculus and Vectors in Mathematics and Physics" (TCV-MP), aimed at comparing students' ability to answer questions on derivatives, integrals, and vectors in a purely mathematical context and in the context of physics.…

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of ERQ in a group of Egyptian adolescents. 648 adolescents from middle schools in Nasr city, Egypt were recruited. These adolescents aged 14-15 years old (M=14.4, SD=2.22). Of which,400 were females (61.72%) while 248 were males (38.27%). Exploratory Factor Analysis, with CFA and…

Calls for assessments incorporating representations beyond the symbolic level (e.g., chemical reactions and formulas) have encouraged assessment designers to choose from a variety of representations in the design of chemistry assessments. This work expands on prior work in considering how representations are incorporated within assessments. First,…

In this research, it is aimed to develop a scale for the use of cloud technologies in education. The sample group of the study consists of 415 preservice teachers who are studying at universities in Konya. For the validity and reliability analyses of the scale, the sample group consisting of 415 units was randomly allocated (n[subscript 1]=208 and…

Measurement invariance is crucial for an effective and valid measure of a construct. Invariance holds when the latent trait varies consistently across subgroups; in other words, the mean differences among subgroups are only due to true latent ability differences. Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when measurement invariance is violated.…

Multiple-choice retrieval practice with additional lures reduces retention on a later test (Roediger & Marsh, 2005). However, the mechanism underlying the negative outcomes with additional lures is poorly understood. Given that the positive outcomes of retrieval practice are associated with enhanced relational and item-specific processing…