This document outlines an approach to collecting and processing data for both professional development and course improvement. The approach, which combines elements of evaluation and research, is referred to as an instructional audit. Data collected during the audit addresses the following basic questions: (1) What does the teacher intend to…

The contention that among black people there is a cognitive style which seems to require a more active intervention with the learning environment than what is needed by their white counterpart is advanced in this discussion of cognitive style among black Africans and black Americans. Cognitive styles of blacks in the infant, early school, and…

This report describes and evaluates a five year program to improve the educational opportunities for underprivileged children using instructional efforts that included school community interaction, teacher aides, small group instruction, a variety of instructional aids, and educational consultants. The project is said to place top priority on…

The purpose of this study was to identify child characteristics associated with varying rates of oral participation in classrooms. The study also attempted to determine why some children seek social approval through an approach strategy while others use an avoidance strategy. Anxiety, defensiveness, self-concept of school ability, sociometric…

The purpose of the observational system presented here is to record the behavioral interactions between infant and mother, focusing on the sequential and contextual features of the social communication patterns accessible through direct home observation of mothers and their 3- to 4-month-old infants. The present system of continuous data recording…

This study investigated the response behavior of nine infants, aged 13-15 weeks, to a recurrent pattern of visual and verbal stimuli presented by their own mothers and by female strangers. The infants were presented with the following 2-minute sequence (repeated 3 times): (1) one-half minute of an unknown female leaning over the crib with a…

To determine the influences of college work in English, of teaching assignment, of size of community, and of teaching experience upon opinions about the authority for standards of English usage, secondary English teachers in Oklahoma ranked items of usage as formal written or spoken, informal written or spoken, or uncultivated or illiterate…

To determine whether language behavior represents an early conditioned verbal response or whether it changes with age and experience was the purpose of this study which attempted to define unique isolates of language on the basis of actual language produced by young children. Tape recorded data were collected for 12 years from 211 children in…

Implications of the behaviorist and cognitive theories in language instruction are discussed in this article. Some contributions of Skinner, Politzer, Valette, Morton, Lane, and Mueller and Niedzielski clarify the behaviorists' view of language as a myriad of conditioned responses. In turn, the cognitive viewpoint, seen as the acquisiton and…

Oral exercises are classified by type and form. Types include repetition, substitution, conversion, pyramid, and combinations. Dialogue, games, play acting, conversation, and repetition are cited as forms. Sample exercises are offered as illustrations. (AF)

The research reported in this symposium paper attempts to underline a Piagetian distinction concerning object concept which has tended to be ignored by psychologists working along Piagetian lines. More specifically, this research tested the hypothesis that intellectual development plays a role in the development of stranger reactions. The subjects…

In this paper some general findings from educational surveys in science, reading comprehension, and literature are reported. A brief description of the research methodology is given. Science was tested in 19 countries, reading in 15 countries and literature in 10 countries. The target populations in each country are defined. Outcome measures in…

As a first step in a systematic approach to instructional design, an attempt is made to develop public linguistic systems which would permit a designer to communicate with his colleagues. Abstracting general principles of design from fields other than education, an organized body of instructional design concepts emerges. These concepts are then…

A research proposal to study the effect of multisensory teaching methods in first-grade reading is presented. The focus is on sex differences in learning and in multisensory approaches to teaching. The project will involve 10 experimental and 10 control first-grade classes in several Southern California schools. Both groups will be given IQ,…

The authors argue against the current view of task analysis which assumes that learning is a univariant process. They feel that learning is a multivariant process and that task analysis should also take into consideration an analysis of the learning task, the cognitive processes which affect the acquisition of the learning task, and the learner's…