Piaget's theories concerning the child's development of spatial concepts are considered in comparison with related mathematical concepts. The analysis yielded discrepancies between Piagetian and mathematical use of terms. (SD)

The study tests the impact of labor market conditions for college professors on their migration behavior between academic institutions and on income gains from migration during 1960-68. A cross-sectional approach analyzes the correlations across seven disciplines between academic labor market conditions and interstate migration rates and base…

Four major advantages make PERT scheduling a most valuable tool in administering the self-motivated individualized-learning-type course. (Author)

The findings are that blacks and whites are exposed to different kinds of peer groups, and that the effects of peer group composition upon student achievement vary by race of the student. (Author)

It has been 25 years since the publication of J. B. Carroll's (1963) seminal work on the model of school learning (MSL) and its subsequent identification by B. S. Bloom (1968) as the theoretical basis underlying mastery learning. Carroll's model of school learning is a theoretical formulation asserting that the degree of learning attained on a…

Although some researchers have argued against use of the term "content validity," the ability of a test item to adequately represent the domain of knowledge tested continues to be an issue of paramount importance in test construction. The present paper reviews previous analyses of test content and proposes a new empirical method for…

Messages entering an educational information distribution network may be ranked for an ordered introduction into the network to maximize the timeliness of message arrivals over the set of users. Electronic mail, EDI documents, and broadcast news may be ranked by the users who choose to examine those messages of interest or benefit to themselves.…

This guidebook is designed for data analysts who are working with computer data files that contain records with incomplete data. It indicates choices the analyst must make and the criteria for making those choices in regard to the following questions: (1) What resources are available for performing the imputation? (2) How big is the data file? (3)…

This paper reviews the application of the EM Algorithm to marginal maximum likelihood estimation of parameters in the latent class model and extends the algorithm to the case where there are monotone homogeneity constraints on the item parameters. It is shown that the EM algorithm can be used to obtain marginal maximum likelihood estimates of the…

The precision of item parameter estimates can be increased by taking advantage of dependencies between the latent proficiency variable and auxiliary examinee variables such as age, courses taken, and years of schooling. Score gains roughly equivalent to two to six additional item responses can be expected in typical educational and psychological…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that large within-examinee item difficulty variability had on estimates of the proportion of consistent classification of examinees into mastery categories over two test administrations. The classification consistency estimate was based on a single test administration from an estimation procedure…

The critical role of computers in scientific advancement is described in this panel report. With the growing range and complexity of problems that must be solved and with demands of new generations of computers and computer architecture, the importance of computational mathematics is increasing. Multidisciplinary teams are needed; these are found…

The use of new extension of standard Item Response Theory (IRT) modeling of dichotomous items to include external variables is proposed. External variables may appear both as categorical grouping variables and as continuous variables; this requires the formulation of a model for the relationships between the external variables and the response…

Described is the notion of multiple alternative representations of mathematical reasoning, particularly as they relate to algebraic notation and the potential of computers to change representations. Features of a desirable notation for algebraic problem solving are described. This is followed by a description of the RAND Corporation's intelligent…

When learning is taking place, students test their hypotheses and evaluate them, and modify their current theories on the basis of new information. This phenomenon is known as "hypothesis testing view" or "theory changes." Many students change their rules to another while they are taking a test. This study introduced a new…