The results support the premise that behavioral change can be initiated by elementary school counselors or school psychologists if they know what kind of behavior they want to change and have a planned procedure for doing it. (Author)

The article describes an instructional program designed to provide a broad professional foundation in group work, and, under supervision, provide opportunities to develop and perfect skills in the group counseling process. (Author/BY)

Research supported by grants from the Office of Science Information Service, National Science Foundation (GN353 and GN597).

Research bearing on three aspects of small group learning is examined: (1) the relationship between interaction and achievement, (2) cognitive process and social-emotional mechanisms bridging interaction and achievement, and (3) characteristics of the individual, group, and reward structure that predict interaction in small groups. (Author/PN)

It is recommended that institutions think carefully about their use of committees, examining the need, type, functions, size, membership, technical and clerical assistance, chairperson, powers, meetings, intercommittee relationships, minutes and reports, followup action, costs, and method for dissolution. A checklist of committee formation…

Uses social systems theory to analyze the interaction of an informal group of family and friends formed around an individual in an intensive care unit. Discusses contributors to dissension including ambiguity of the task structure, fluidity of leadership and power, and failure of a utopian defense. (Author/JAC)

Interviews and observations at the Children's Center, a Bronx (New York) psychiatric hospital, yielded data about the effects on individual power of network relations at the individual and work-unit levels. Regression analysis indicates individuals' participation in work units that are integrated into organization-wide networks enhances individual…

Groups (N=62) of four members each used a multiple role-playing technique under three conditions: majority rule, unanimity rule, or no assigned decision rule. Results suggested that assignment of a majority rule has greater potential for reducing power inequalities. Discusses changes in members' self-perceived power. (Author/RC)

Explores which racial configurations of black people and white people are most or least satisfactory in small-group interactions. Findings indicate that varying the racial composition of 30 four-person groups affected significantly the reported experiences of group members; both racial and gender differences were observed. Implications for group…

Described are the history of three German-heritage groups settled in Pennsylvania: the Solitary of Ephrata Commune, the Amish, and the Harmony Society. Suggested are pastoral, agrarian, and commercial agricultural analogs to life-support strategies of these groups respectively. Faustian agriculture emphasizing the connection of agriculture to…

Examines the variety of informal groups of adolescents that exist throughout Russia today. Categorizes these groups according to their beliefs and behavior. Maintains that the situation of Russian young people today is a disaster zone. (CFR)

Reports on research from the Novocherkassk State Technical University on ways that student groups with different social structures influence the climate of learning. Raises questions about the ability of students educated during the period of mass education to adapt to new methods of learning being introduced into Russian higher education. (DSK)

Uses a sociometric analysis to explore the differential organization of boys' and girls' peer groups. Finds that boys structure their peer groups by creating a large central cluster composed of smaller integrated clusters, whereas girls form small clusters unrelated to one another. Nevertheless, girls are aware of and sensitive to the status of…

This study examined adult and group influences on youth participation in youth empowerment (YE) Statewide Youth Movement Against Tobacco Use programs. Adults provide individual guidance to youth groups and through existing tobacco control networks affect the social context in which YE programs are implemented. The authors tested hypotheses about…

Two-level data sets are frequently encountered in social and behavioral science research. They arise when observations are drawn from a known hierarchical structure, as when individuals are randomly drawn from groups that are randomly drawn from a target population. When the covariance structures in the group level and the individual level are the…