The Flexner Report (1910) established the assessment that provided the standards of medical education. Although the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) has updated standards to increase the diversity of medical students throughout the years, the percentage of Black medical students identifying as women has not increased as expected.…

In this paper the author looks at the letters of two renowned women mathematicians and scientists of the Victorian period, Mary Somerville and Ada Lovelace, while also considering the imperceptibility of Sophie Germain, an important French mathematician and philosopher in their epistolary exchanges and philosophical writings. Drawing on the…

It is well established that female participation in STEM diminishes at all stages of the education pipeline. National policy in Ireland is focussed on initiatives to address the STEM gender gap from early years to the end of secondary school (age 18/19) education. However, strategy in higher education is limited, with gender equality policy…

Every woman has different nature either being strong or being weak. Not all women have a lucky fate; in fact, many of them become the victims of men. Of the many cases of violence and sexual harassment in the world, women mostly become victims, especially in cases of sexual acts without consent. In "Promising Young Woman" (2020), these…

Research demonstrates that when math-based gender stereotypes are activated (e.g., men are better at math than women), women display comparatively poorer math performance than men, a phenomenon referred to as stereotype threat. We evaluated the effectiveness of two forms of self-affirmation in reducing the effects of stereotype threat on women's…

Gendered racial microaggressions, experienced at the intersections of one's race and gender, can make recipients prone to health risks. This research explored the frequency and levels of stress associated with microaggressions and determined if a relationship existed between frequencies of microaggression, levels of stress, and years of experience…

The purpose of this study was to describe the major choice experience and motivation of nontraditional female students in male dominated majors. A transcendental phenomenological method was used to answer the central research question: how do women who are nontraditional students enrolled in male dominated majors at two-and four-year institutions…

During the first months of 2020 and throughout the following two years, the COVID-19 pandemic spurred changes in daily life for people worldwide and placed stress on the global economy. The crisis was one of the most impactful and unpredictable global events in recent history. The COVID-19 pandemic catapulted institutions of higher education…

One of the many aims of colleges and universities is helping students to develop leadership knowledge and skills in a global world. This is recognized to be a complex goal that, among other influences, involves identity development and how students understand themselves as leaders. Developing a leadership identity is a multifaceted process that…

Black women are among the diverse members of society seeking to gain access to leadership roles in education, specifically, to serve as principals in Texas. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Black women who have become principals in Texas. The qualitative research method with…

In K-12 public school districts, females are not dominant in educational leadership positions. Females continue to be underrepresented in the positions that pay more and have the greatest impact on students' education. Despite some females pursuing and attaining credentials for leadership, they encounter obstacles along the path to leadership.…

In current scholarly literature examining the representation of Black women within higher education institutions, considerable attention has been devoted to the experiences of higher-level administrators and entry level roles in higher education. Research on the experiences of Black women in mid-level roles, however, is conspicuously lacking as it…

We study the conditional gender wage gap among faculty at public research universities in the U.S. We begin by using a cross-sectional dataset from 2016 to replicate the long-standing finding in research that, conditional on rich controls, female faculty earn less than their male colleagues. Next, we construct a data panel to track the evolution…

Background: Negative mental health implications of menopause found in the general population, combined with high rates of mental health conditions found in women with intellectual disabilities, provide rationale to examine the existing literature to determine the impact of menopause on women with intellectual disabilities. Methods: The review was…

Globally, one in three women experiences domestic violence over their lifetimes. Yet, the factors that shape adult behavior toward domestic violence remain poorly understood. We examine the effect of exposure to political violence in early stages of life on likelihood of domestic violence in marital life. Combining household level survey with…