In Milliken the Court has held that desegregation stops just short of the school district line. To require that school districts be merged to effect a racial balance, one of two factors must exist: a showing that the school district lines have been deliberately drawn to separate the races, and evidence that discriminatory acts in one district…

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in June 1972 on a case involving changes in boundaries of a county school district in Virginia which had been operated as a dual school system. Two weeks after a federal district Court ordered a school-pairing plan, the Emporia City Council announced that city's intention to operate an independent school system. The…

An Institute funded under Title IV of the 1964 Civil Rights Act was held during 1968-69 in order to concentrate on the attitudes of the administrative leadership of the schools involved in a busing program. The purpose of the Institute was to initiate and evaluate action programs to facilitate the implementation of the School System's…

The Program for Educational Opportunity, an institute based at the University of Michigan and established by the Office of Education pursuant to Title IV of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, is designed to assist school districts in the process of desegregation. The Program annually conducts a series of conferences. The Conference on Developments in…

This article focuses upon Federal law in relation to school desegregation. The groundwork for many of the relatively recent legal developments in Northern school desegregation law had been laid more than a decade ago. Because the Southern cases were absorbing black organizational resources and preoccupying the federal authorities, and because…

Twenty years of desegregation are assessed as follows: (1) desegregation plans have been successful in many cities; (2) many schools without plans have become increasingly segregated; (3) states with the most desegregated schools are in the north; (4) segregation for Hispanics is increasing; and (5) desegregation must be a concern of national…

The human drama in beginning St. Louis's desegregation plan is presented. As the chair of a citizen's committee, the author worked with the superintendent and the Board of Education to create a plan. Implementation was accomplished in a few months. The desegregation of suburban districts was settled in court. (VM)

Describes the Louisiana Consent Decree, a federally imposed program to correct racial segregation and gross resource distribution inequities in the state's system of higher education institutions. Focuses on the following: (1) governance; (2) faculty development; (3) cooperative programs; (4) enhancement of Black institutions; and (5) monitoring…

In Los Angeles, where Anglos are a relatively small and declining minority, where Hispanics are becoming the majority, and where projections show more Black than Anglo students within a few years, desegregation is only feasible within a metropolitan context. (CMG)

This description of the accomplishments and shortcomings of one school desegregation plan provides insights into much broader dialogue on the role of race in America. St. Louis (Missouri) and its suburbs demographically resemble many midsized contemporary metropolitan areas in the United States. What makes St. Louis unique is an urban-suburban…

To improve the education of black students and to encourage desegregation, a federal judge ordered the Kansas City (Missouri) school district to come up with a cost-is-no-object educational plan and ordered local and state taxpayers to find the money to pay for it. Kansas City spent as much as $11,700 per pupil, more money per pupil on a cost of…

This book examines a long-running voluntary desegregation program in Boston as a model of the long-range benefits and present-day challenges of integrating America's schools. The book presents interviews with program participants who are now adults and recounts their struggles and achievements. It explores the ways in which the Metropolitan…

Presents excerpts from previous issues of "Integrated Education" on the progress of school desegregation in Los Angeles, California. Focuses on relations and conflicts between the court and the school board while formulating and implementing a desegregation plan, and on public attitudes toward desegregation proposals. (MJL)

Compares financial resource mobilization, allocation, and accounting for school desegregation in three large cities. Focuses on interactions between school officials, courts, and city officials in designing and funding desegregation remedies, and argues that budgeting for desegregation depends on legal and political processes that are often beyond…

Under St. Louis County's new desegregation plan: (1) the heaviest burden was placed upon Black students and on the weaker original districts; (2) popular action regarding desegregation was discouraged; (3) federal agencies did not monitor the district's conduct; and (4) the court withdrew from the district, producing conflict between school…