The low level of achievement motivation in lower-class adolescents and the higher incidence of dropouts are seen to be related not only to economic impoverishment, but to a lack of achievement-oriented role models among significant others frequently encountered by such children. The sample was composed of 10th grade boys with IQ scores from…

A group of voluntarily childless, maried women (N=38) were compared with a group of married women who planned to have children (N=32) and were similar in age, education, and socio-economic background. The two groups were compared on measures of three personality trait clusters which pertained to social adjustment, mental health, and sex-role…

The Meta-Contrast Technique (MCT) was used to project, at the concrete perceptual level afforded by the test, two of the dilemmas confronting anxiety-ridden children: the threat against their uncertain sense of identity (revealed as fusion between the threat and the hero in the test) and the insufficiency of their defensive resources (revealed as…

The Meta-Contrast Technique (MCT) was used for a differential diagnosis of anxiety-ridden children aged 4-16 years. Signs of open fright in the test situation showed the greatest correlation with symptoms of paroxysmal anxiety (in older children). Other severe signs of anxiety were fusion between the hero and the threat, leaking defense…

This study was an analysis of women's roles, especially as these roles pertain to career development. The sample was comprised of 21 women who were members of a graduate workshop, "Women in the Modern World." These women were studied in depth through comparisons of data from various questionnaries distributed during the workshop and from analysis…

In this study of homosexuality the following variables were tested: (1) acceptance of others, (2) faith in others, and (3) levels of masculinity and femininity (M-F). The subjects were 11th and 12th graders enrolled in a suburban high school (n=68). Three standardized measurement instruments, each designed to measure one of the above-mentioned…

Summarized is a therapy approach utilizing characterizations designed to help the client reduce his neurotic behaviors and develop his true potentials. Growing up, he may have been forced to reject aspects of his personality to meet others' expectations. Thus, he is not integrated or whole. To reduce the control used to hide his rejected parts of…

Privacy is defined and its various social implications discussed in the first part of this paper. The effect of a National Data Center (NDC) and computerized dossiers about people and their past is also considered. It is determined that a computerized information system would present at least four distinct problems to individual identity or…

The teaching module is organized to provide students on the K-3 grade level with knowledge, skill, and understanding of self. This module deals with the importance of the students' awareness of personal interests and individual uniqueness in facilitating interpersonal relationships. The first learning sequence focuses on the identification and…

Five- to seven-year-old second-born children from white, middle-class, intact families were the subjects for this study. Older siblings served as role model for each child, and the parent surrogate models were selected from a pool and trained to act as the child's real parent. The imitation task emphasized verbal, postural, and motor responses of…

An experiment was conducted to test the theory that young boys prefer the companionship of their fathers in play activities to that of their mothers, while young girls have no particular preference. It was hypothesized that a boy has this preference because he has been cared for primarily by his mother, and his discovery of sex-identity leaves him…

This book explores sociodramatic play as a potential compensatory tool for educationally disadvantaged children. The author examines the antecedents of educational disadvantagement and develops a rationale for the use of sociodramatic play. She places sociodramatic play in perspective as a particular stage of play behavior and further investigates…

Women who occupy the status of "never-married" form a social category virtually ignored by social scientists. The socialization and sex role literature indicate the normative expectation for middle class females is for adult life to be based around marriage, so those women who never marry deviate from societal expectations. And, women who never…

An examination was made of the role-taking process with respect to aggressive behavior and sex roles. Ss were 20 boys and 20 girls from a housing project. All were caucasians of low socioeconomic status. Each S was shown 19 cards, each containing a schematic cartoon and involving two major figures in a particular situation. For each card there was…

The physical and psychological difficulties which accompany grief resulting from another's death are described, and the intrapersonal and interpersonal communication behaviors exhibited by bereaved individuals are outlined. The role of intrapersonal communication--the mourner communicating with himself--and interpersonal communication--the mourner…