Discusses a book published in 1468, Rodrigo Sanchez de Arevalo's "Mirror of Human Life," the earliest known comprehensive compilation of occupational descriptions. Describes the similarity of Sanchez's ideas about occupational choice and contemporary career counseling theory: informed choice; person-environment congruence; and the components of…

Reviews problems in defining and measuring similarity with dyadic data. Proposes an alternative method of planned comparisons between related and random dyads. Illustrates the method with use of sociopolitical attitude data from three-generation families. Results showed greater and less intergenerational attitude similarity in certain domains than…

Commends Pervin's review of the common roots of various current conceptualizations of person-environment relations, agreeing that a dynamic, process-oriented model is needed, but criticizing Pervin's conceptualization as too person centered, not emphasizing the embeddedness of person-environment relations within environments, and not citing…

Examined the relationship between vocational stability and person-environment congruence among 917 nonprofessional workers. Results found no support for the hypothesis that workers with high congruence are more vocationally stable than workers with low congruence. (BL)

Examined Black subjects' preferences for salient counselor characteristics. The results revealed that the top five preferred counselor characteristics were more education, similar attitudes and values, older, similar personality, and same ethnicity, in that order. (Author/BL)

Examined personality/occupational choice congruence as a function of self-knowledge of personality and consistency of occupational perceptions with a task-oriented hexagonal model of work proposed by Holland among college women. Results indicated a statistically significant relation between congruence and both self-knowledge and hexagonal…

Examined the effect of counselor attire on the perceptions of 30 students participating in a group counseling session. Results indicated that informal clothing, similar to the students' attire, resulted in increased perceptions of expertness, trustworthiness and helpfulness in a neophyte counselor. (JAC)

Investigated the influence of target personality characteristics on self-disclosure. Subjects (71 male and 73 female students) described the personality of the persons to whom they disclose the most and least, as well as their own personality. Results showed that people prefer to disclose to individuals similar to themselves. (BH)

Examined the relationship between 52 children's attitudes toward older people and 52 older people's perception of children's attitudes toward them using the Attitude Perception Questionnaire. Older adults' perceptions of children's attitudes toward them were more negative than the children's actual attitudes. (JAC)

Tested aspects of Super's self-concept theory of career development with a sample of British schoolchildren (N=355). Results showed that agreement between ideal self-concepts and occupational preference concepts was significantly greater than that between actual self-concepts and occupational preference concepts, reflecting the youngsters' greater…

Investigated how individuals perceive others who systematically vary in both level of disclosure and disclosure flexibility. Subjects were 52 students rated high or low in self-disclosure and disclosure flexibility. Found a similarity effect for disclosure flexibility and highest ratings for medium-high disclosure and high disclosure flexibility…

Describes the use of repeated-measures designs in the study of whole families, specifically differences in perception between family members. Addresses the specific advantages and disadvantages of these designs; analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance applications; and practical issues of assumptions, multiple comparison,…

It was hypothesized that success as measured by academic achievement, was positively related to the congruence of the students' interests and personality traits with those of their instructions. (Author)

Studied personality-environment congruence and differentiation, singly and in combination, as measured by the Vocational Preference Inventory. Results indicated that these variables predicted reported job satisfaction for 247 teachers employed in five subject matter areas. Time-related variables and sex were not significantly related to job…

Examines the impact of sexual satisfaction and the congruence of mates' perceptions on overall marital satisfaction in 290 people who had been married 18 to 32 years. Results showed respondents were, overall, satisfied with their marriages. The relationsihps were enhanced by empathy and congruence of perceptions. (Author/JAC)