Statistical procedures based on Bayesian estimation for obtaining estimates of a propensity (which would include estimates of proportions or relative frequencies) are described for the special case where the observer can only note whether the propensity exceeds or does not exceed a constant between 0 and 1. (JKS)

Examines statistical techniques for exploiting relevance information to weight search terms. These techniques are presented as a natural extension of weighting methods using information about the distribution of index terms in documents in general. (Author)

The distribution of the likelihood ratio test for testing the reality of the covariance matrix of a complete multivariate normal distribution is investigated. (Author/RC)

Examines and rejects common criticisms of the causality concept; shows causality is a relation implied in the grammar of a language about objects. Discusses objective criteria for concepts of causal relations and explains how the concept of causality may be modified to have causes determine probabilities of outcomes. (Author/RH)

A program named EXACON is presented which performs exact cellwise analyses of two-way contingency tables. One-tailed probabilities are computed for the observed frequency of each cell according to two different models. Even though exact probabilities are computed, EXACON does not demand much computer time even for fairly large samples. (Author/LMO)

Subroutines to calculate exact chi square and Fisher's exact probability tests are presented for 3 by 2 cross-classification tables. A nondirectional probability value for each test is computed recursively. (Author/GDC)

Using license plates and telephone numbers for teaching probability ideas involving counting rules is suggested. How each is useful is illustrated in some detail. (MNS)

This essay distinguishes several different kinds of measures of information from each other, noting that differences between them show that our pretheoretical concept of information is multiply ambiguous. Incremental information, conditional information, transmitted information, expected information, and deductive information are discussed. Ten…

This publication presents estimates of drug-related emergency department (ED) episodes from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) from 1994 through the first half of 2001. DAWN is an ongoing, national data system that collects information on drug-related visits to EDs from a national probability sample of hospitals. This publication marks a major…

To use the concept of probability and uncertainty estimation is a common practice in daily life. To assist students in learning the fundamentals of probability and statistics, not through the usual class and note taking, a group-learning and practical "statistical system" was designed. By connecting with the main statistical center, students not…

This study compared the accuracy of predicting two-group membership obtained from K-means clustering with those derived from linear probability modeling, linear discriminant function, and logistic regression under various data properties. Multivariate normally distributed populations were simulated based on combinations of population proportions,…

The present study is concerned with the retention of single-cue probability learning (SPL) tasks with scaled cue and criterion varibles. (Author)

In line with the latent trait model, the continuous response level is defined and considered, in contrast to the discrete response levels, which have already been explored by the author. (Editor)