Augmented Reality (AR) bridges the real and the digital. It is part of the Extended Reality (XR) spectrum of immersive technological interfaces. At one end of the continuum, Virtual Reality (VR) immerses users in fully digital simulations which effectively substitute for the real world. At the other end of the continuum, AR allows users to remain…

Gamification is a methodological strategy that uses "game design elements in non-game contexts" (Deterding, Dixon, Khaled, and Nacke 2011). The purpose of gamification is to engage people, motivate action, promote learning, and solve problems. This chapter describes examples of Spanish content gamifications that integrate different game…

This dissertation explores the potential differences in Armenian parental attitudes of those whose children were enrolled in a Dual Language Immersion Program (DLIP) and those whose children who were not enrolled in a DLIP towards four constructs of school perceptions: cultural appreciation (CA), academic progress (AP), importance of learning a…

Over the last quarter of a century, conversation analysis (CA) has steadily gained recognition in applied linguistics, as a rigorous, empirical approach to the study of social interaction of various kinds, including classroom discourse. However, it is questionable to what extent the findings of these CA studies have been effectively communicated…

Adult refugees often turn to informal learning opportunities, such as family literacy programs, to learn English. These programs often promote dominant, neoliberal ideologies and invoke a deficit lens that intends to fix newcomers. This chapter looks at the learning experiences of Kurdish refugees who participated in a family literacy program in…

The growing popularity of multimodal resources in technology-mediated learning and teaching practices has brought to the fore the issue of learners' competencies in interpreting, employing and interacting with various semiotic resources, of which language is just one (Kress, van Leeuwen, Multimodal discourse: the modes and media of contemporary…

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate linguistic variation within ESL/EFL reading textbooks and between EAP reading textbooks and lower-division university textbooks. Specifically, within ESL/EFL reading textbooks, lexical, lexico-grammatical, and formulaic variation was measured within series of textbooks, across textbooks at the…

Exploring the longitudinal development of second language (L2) lexical use has been one of the important topics in L2 vocabulary research. One approach to examining longitudinal changes in L2 lexical use is to capture changes in lexical features as found in learner production, such as L2 writing, over time. To further facilitate this approach, the…

With the blended learning widespread in higher education, the research on the factors which can influence the students' engagement and their working mechanism has become more and more valuable. In this study, college students' perception on three aspects, i.e. their cognitive engagement and emotional engagement in two different activities, the…

This paper, drawing upon a mobile telecollaborative project, resonates with the rapid development of technology in language learning. We employed the instant messaging app WeChat to create an English telecollaborative environment for two groups of Chinese students to communicate within. Interview data were triangulated with students' chat…

This study is a comparative examination of reading behavior of first-language (L1) Canadian and second-language (L2) Finnish and German readers of English. We measured eye-movement patterns during reading the same set of English sentences and administered tests of English vocabulary, spelling, and exposure to print. The core of our study is a…

The primary aim of this study was to investigate prosodic prominence across three groups of Sylheti-English bilinguals: first-generation who arrived as adults, first-generation who arrived as children, and second-generation, i.e., born in the United Kingdom to parents who grew up in Bangladesh. To measure prominence, f0, duration, and intensity…

This article aims to pattern the problem of systematization of terms in the Turkic languages and teaching technologies in universities. The research was carried out in the spring semester of 2021-2022. The study was carried out with the participation of 352 university students who volunteered for the research in the screening model. In the…

This study examined how L2 listeners' proficiency levels interacted with the two major process-based listening instruction methods of (1) strategy training and (2) interactive training (which involved training in strategies and bottom-up skills), to influence the listeners' development. In a mixed-methods design, the quantitative component of the…

The study investigates the impact of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) on players' application of vocabulary learning strategies. The participants are experienced online gamers aged between 24 and 25 years old. Apart from identifying the vocabulary learning strategies used by the ESL players during online gaming, in order to…